Genetic diversity on three populations of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus Bei-Bienko from mid-eastern Inner Mongolia were analyzed by means of random amplified polymorphic DNA method. Total 252 loci have been amplified in PCR for three populations with 21 random primers. The result shows that the percentage polymorphic loci was 91.67％ ,the total Nei's genetic diversity was O.280 4,and the Shannon's information index was 0.428 2 ,suggesting a high level of genetic diversity in Oedaleus decorus asiaticus. The within-population component accounted for 77.9％ of the total variation, with the among-population component accounted for 22.1％ , meaning that the within-population variation was larger than that of among-population. The genetic differentiation among the populations was relatively low,with the Gst being 0.106 8 -0.482 5,and the average of gene flow of populations was 1. 762 0,which indicated there was gene flow among the populations. The Nei's genetic distance of three populations was O. 104 2 -0. 129 1 ,the relationship between population AY and SY was closer than between population AY and DY. No correlation was observed between the populations' genetic distance and geographic distance.%为研究亚洲小车蝗不同地域自然种群的遗传变异及其分化,采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对内蒙古中东部地区3个种群的亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus asiaticus Bei-Bienko)进行了遗传多样性分析.用21个随机引物对亚洲小车蝗3个种群扩增出的总位点数为252,总多态位点百分率为91.67%,Nei基因多样度为0.280 4,总Shannon信息指数为0.428 2,均表明亚洲小车蝗种群的遗传多样性较丰富.在种群总多态位点的遗传变异中77.9%的变异存在于种群内,22.1%的变异存在于种群间,看出种群内遗传变异大于种群间.种群间遗传分化系数为0.106 8～0.482 5,平均基因流为1.762 0,种群间遗传分化程度低,存在基因交流.聚类分析结果表明,3个种群间的遗传距离为0.104 2～0.129 1,遗传一致性为0.878 9～0.901 1.赤峰市分布的亚洲小车蝗种群与乌兰察布市分布的种群的亲缘关系近一些;与呼伦贝尔市分布的种群远一些,遗传距离与地理距离之间没有相关性.
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