不同类型烟草常规化学成分与中性致香物质含量分析

摘要

以四川省典型产区的不同类型烟叶为材料,对烤烟、白肋烟、香料烟、马里兰烟、晒烟5种类型烟叶的常规化学成分和中性致香物质的变异特点和组成成分进行了研究.结果表明:烤烟总糖和还原糖含量最高(28.36％,24.52％),总氮和烟碱较低；香料烟的总糖、还原糖含量仅次于烤烟,总氮含量在各类型中最低(1.79％)；其他晾晒烟均表现出高氮、低糖的特点；烤烟的氮碱比和糖碱比最为适宜,各类型烟叶的钾氯比均大于4,符合优质烟叶的特征.地方晒烟万源巫烟的各类中性致香成分均远远高于其他地方晒烟,表现最好.除晒烟以外,其他类型烟叶,烤烟中的类胡萝卜素降解产物和新植二烯含量较高(63.29,731.92μg/g)；香料烟的芳香族氨基酸类、西柏烷类和棕色化反应产物较高；马里兰烟各类致香成分含量与白肋烟较为接近,但茄酮含量较高.不同类型烟草的化学成分和中性致香物质含量有很大的差异,且各化学成分类群的所占比例也不同,其是构成不同类型烟草香气风格与吸食品质的主要因素.%Contents of neutral aroma constituents and alkaloids were compared in 5 types of tobacco ( flue-cured ,burley, Oriental, Maryland and sun-cured)from Sichuan. Results showed that;The content of total and reducing sugar(28.36% ,24.52% )were the highest and total nitrogen lower in flue-cured,the contents of the total and reducing sugar in Oriental which had the least content of total nitrogen (1. 79% ) were less than the flue-cured and the sun/air-cured tobacco with higher nitrogen and less sugar. The content of nitrogen-nicotine ratio and sugar-nitrogen ratio in flue-cured tobacco was the most suitable and the ratio of potassium to chlorine of all different types of tobacco was greater than 4,meeting the characteristics of high-quality tobacco leaf. Classification contents of neutral aroma in Wanyuanwuyan were more higher than other kinds of sun-cured tobacco. Except sun-cured tobacco, the contents of products degraded by carotene and neophytadiene(63. 29 ,731. 92 μ/g) in flue-cured were more higher than other types of tobacco while the products of aromatic amino acid metabolism, the products degraded by cem-brane and the products of browning reaction were highest in Oriental. The contents of all kinds of aroma component in Maryland were closer to the burley but at a high level of solanone. The analysis can provide theoretical foundation for the prescription design of Tobacco Blend Grouping of Chinese Type Cigarette. Chemical components and neutral aroma components had abroad variations and the proportion of the groups with chemical components were also dissimilar in different types of tobacco which causing the major factors of the aroma style and smoking quality.