河南省不同年代小麦品种苗期渗透胁迫的生理响应

摘要

为探讨河南省小麦品种更替过程中抗旱性演变规律,选用20世纪60年代以来河南省主推的11个小麦品种,在小麦幼苗长至两叶一心期用20％ PEG6000(m/V)渗透胁迫处理48,120 h,研究不同品种的生理抗旱特性,采用模糊隶属函数方法计算每个指标的隶属函数值,并对幼苗期抗旱性进行综合评价.结果表明:河南省小麦品种9次更新换代过程中,小麦幼苗期抗旱性逐渐增强.渗透胁迫条件下,各品种叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,SOD活性和POD活性均呈上升趋势.通过系统聚类分析法对11个品种的抗旱性进行分类,洛旱2号和洛旱12号2个为强抗旱性品种;郑麦9023、豫麦21、豫麦49-198和周麦18为中抗旱性品种;豫麦18、郑麦366和丰产3号为弱抗旱性品种;百农3217和郑引1号为水分敏感型品种.11个小麦品种苗期抗旱性表现为:洛旱2号＞洛旱12号＞郑麦9023＞豫麦21＞豫麦49-498＞周麦18＞豫麦18＞郑麦366＞丰产3号＞百农3217＞郑引1号.%Eleven representative wheat varieties from 1960s to now were selected to explore the evolution of wheat varieties of Henan Province under drought stress.At two-leaf stage,the drought stress was carried out by 20％-PEG6000(m/V) for 48,120 h,and the physiological drought resistance of different cultivars at seedling stage was analyzed by fuzzy subordinate function of each index.The results indicated that drought stress presented an increasing trend in the nine times of wheat variety upgrading in Henan Province.Under drought stress,relative water content and chlorophyll were reduced,while SOD and POD activity kept rising.Clustering analysis indicated that the 11 cuhivars could be classified as four types:highly resistant type (Luohan 2 and Luohan 12);drought resistant type (Zhengmai 9023,Yumai 21,Yumai 49-198 and Zhoumai 18),weakly resistant type (Yumai 18,Zhengmai 366 and Fengchan 3) and highly sensitive type (Bainong 3217 and Zhengyin 1).The performance of drought resistance in 11 wheat varieties was Luohan 2 ＞ Luohan 12 ＞ Zhengmai 9023 ＞ Yumai 21 ＞ Yumai 49-198 ＞ Zhoumai 18 ＞ Yumai 18 ＞ Zhengmai 366 ＞ Fengchan 3 ＞ Bainong 3217 ＞ Zhengyin 1.