26味清热解毒药对奶牛乳腺炎病原菌体外抗菌活性的比较分析

摘要

采用琼脂平板二倍稀释法测定蒲公英、白头翁、金银花、连翘、漏芦、野菊花、鱼腥草等26味清热解毒药对15个不同种属120株奶牛乳腺炎病原菌的最低抑菌质量浓度,统计分析抑菌活性相对较强的金银花、连翘、贯众、紫花地丁、野菊花等12味药物对金葡菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、链球菌、巨型球菌、吉氏库特氏菌、芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌、阴沟肠杆菌、鲁氏不动杆菌、产吲哚金黄杆菌、单胞菌属共11个种属的MIC50和MIC90,并采用单因素方差分析法比较分析清热解毒类药物对同种属菌株抑菌活性的强弱.结果表明,土茯苓、败酱草、半边莲、鸦胆子、重楼、毛慈姑、白花蛇舌草、北豆根、鱼腥草、大青叶、白蔹、板蓝根、马齿苋、射干共14味中药的体外抑菌活性较差;而金银花、连翘、贯众、紫花地丁、野菊花、金荞麦、蒲公英、红藤、白头翁、漏芦、拳参、青黛12味药物的体外抑菌活性相对较强.26味清热解毒药对不同种属细菌的抑菌活性不同,总体上,对革兰氏阳性菌的抑菌活性强于革兰氏阴性菌,革兰氏阴性菌中以对大肠埃希菌和阴沟肠杆菌的抑菌活性最差,其次为单胞菌属;对阳性菌、芽孢杆菌和阴性菌中的鲁氏不动杆菌、产吲哚金黄杆菌、变形杆菌和弗氏志贺氏菌的体外抑菌活性以拳参和青黛最强;其次为连翘和红藤;再次为金银花、紫花地丁、野菊花、蒲公英和漏芦;最差为金荞麦.%The agar dilution assay -was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration for 26 kinds of heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs against 120 strains pathogenic bacteria from dairy cow with mastitis. In order to compare antibacterial activity, one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) , MIC50 and MIC90 were used for statistical analysis for 12 kinds of heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs which had higher antibacterial activity. The results showed that it had low antibacterial activity for 14 kinds of medicines -which included smilax glabra, patrinea, Lobelia chinensis Lour, khosam, paris, arrowheads satis tinctoria,and so on. However, 12 kinds of heat-clearing and detoxifying herbs such as bistort,natural indigo, daemonorops margaritae, honeysuckle,weeping forsythia, etc. Had higher anti-bacterial activity. Furthermore,the antibacterial effects of the Chinese herbal medicines tested varied with species of bacteria. And all drugs had higher antibacterial effects to gram-positive bacteria than to gram-negative bacteria,and the antibacterial activity of experimental drugs against E. Coli and En-terobacter cloacae is the lowest. Based on the comparative analysis of MICs of 26 Chinese medicines,it is concluded that bistort and natural indigo had the best antibacterial activity; forsythia and daemono-rops margaritae had higher antibacterial activity,and fagopynum cymosum had the lowest antibacterial activity.