甘蓝型油菜MSL不育系花药发育的细胞学研究

摘要

To characterize MSL (male sterility lembke) anther abortion and promote its utilization in breeding of hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in China,even in the world,cytological observations of the anther development in sterile line which developed on the basis of MSL were employed in the study.The results revealed that anther development of the MSL had been abnormal at tetrad stage,and some tetrads had concentrated.The tapetal cell extended radially and contained a particularly large vacuole.The vacuole squeezed the nucleus and cytoplasm to one side of the cell,which it lead to the cytoplasm concentrated.The tapetum occupied the space of the tetrads.Along with the tapetum continued to swelled,the locule was getting smaller and smaller.Sequentially,the vacuolized,elongated tapetum and the concentrated tetrads dissolved together,and the shape of the anther sac changed from a circle to a long strip shape,and the anther sac atrophied finally.The results showed that anther of MSL aborted at tetrad stage,because it could not form functional tapetal cells.%为了揭示MSL (male sterility lembke)的小孢子败育时期及其特点,从而促进中国及世界油菜杂种优势利用的步伐.选用MSL衍生系的不育材料和可育材料为试验材料,采用常规压片和石蜡切片技术,观察其花药发育过程.通过对MSL不育材料的细胞学观察,发现MSL可发育到四分体时期,四分体不同程度皱缩,绒毡层径向伸长,并含有一个特别大的液泡,液泡将细胞核和细胞质挤向细胞的一边,胞质浓缩.随着发育的进行,绒毡层进一步伸长,向内挤压四分体,腔室体积变小.紧接着液泡化并且伸长了的绒毡层和浓缩的四分体溶解在一起,花粉囊横切面的形状发生改变,由圆形变成长条形,最后整个花药室萎缩.结果表明MSL的败育时期为四分体时期,由于绒毡层的异常而导致败育.