Objective To compare the condition and safety of tracheal intubation when mivacurium chloramine and rocuronium were used to induce anesthesia. Methods Forty patients admitted to Department of Otorhinolaryngology in our hospital for operation from March 2012 to June 2012 were randomly divided into group 1 and group 2. Patients in group 1 were anesthetized with rocuronium (0.6 mg/kg) and those in group 2 were anesthetized with mivacurium chloramine (0.16 mg/kg) for tracheal intubation. The starting time for anesthetics to exert their effect, the maintenance time of anesthesia and the intubation grading were recorded. The clinical manifestations of patients were observed after anesthesia. Results No significant difference was observed in the starting time for anesthetics to exert their effect between the two groups. The maintenance time of anesthesia was significantly shorter in group 2 than in group 1((14.5±3.0) min vs (28.9±6.5) min, P < 0.05). The MAP was lower and the heart rate was faster in 1 out of the 3 erubescent patients in group 2. The intubation grading was excellent or good in 20 of group 1 and in 19 patients of group 2. Conclusion Rocuronium and mivacurium chloramine are the ideal muscle relaxants. Mivacurium chloramine is more suitable for short-time and small operation due to its short-term effect.% 目的比较静脉麻醉使用罗库溴铵或米库氯铵行气管内插管时的插管条件及安全性。方法2012年3-6月在我院择期行耳鼻喉科手术患者40例，随机分为两组，每组各20例，给予罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg(组Ⅰ)、米库氯铵0.16 mg/kg后插管(组Ⅱ)，记录各组诱导起效、维持时间，进行插管评级并观察注药后有无特殊临床表现。结果诱导起效时间两组差异无统计学意义，诱导维持时间组Ⅱ(14.5±3.0) min较组Ⅰ(28.9±6.5) min短。组Ⅱ3例患者出现皮肤潮红，其中1例伴平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure，MAP)下降、心率(heart rate，HR)增快。组Ⅰ、组Ⅱ插管评级达优良者分别为20、19例。结论罗库溴铵和米库氯铵均为全身麻醉气管内插管理想的肌松剂，米库氯铵因其时效短更适用于短小手术。
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