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Effectiveness of strategies for solving everyday problems during early and later adulthood: A reexamination of the Everyday Problem Solving Inventory.

机译:解决成年早期和成年后期日常问题的策略的有效性:对日常问题解决清单的重新检查。

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摘要

Within the everyday problem-solving literature, a small number of studies have examined effectiveness as a problem-solving outcome measure. Effectiveness is a method of determining the quality of strategies used to solve ill-defined problems. Knowing the effectiveness of a problem-solving strategy can help determine whether an age differences in the use of that strategy also indicates better everyday outcomes for one age group. Of the few studies that have examined age differences in effective problem solving, none have systematically assessed the dimensions that make some strategies effective and others ineffective for various problem situations. In addition, a variety of methodological considerations in determining problem-solving effectiveness have yet to be addressed within problem-solving research, leaving many questions about the validity of extant findings unanswered. Finally, it is not clear why age differences in effectiveness may vary across specific problem domains. The present study adapted Cornelius and Caspi's (1987) Everyday Problem Solving Inventory (EPSI) in order to examine problem-solving strategy endorsements and problem-solving effectiveness for younger and older adults. The EPSI consisted of problem-solving vignettes occurring within six problem domains (i.e., conflicts with friends, consumer issues, family conflicts, home management, information use, and work-related issues). The revised EPSI (REPSI) used in the present study included two additional everyday domains that are relevant for both younger and older adults: health care issues and technology issues. Participants were 69 younger and 61 older adults who rated the likelihood that they would use (strategy endorsement) each of four problem-specific strategies to solve four problem situations for each domain; the strategies were classified as avoidant thinking and denial (AD), cognitive problem analysis (CA), passive-dependent behavior (PD), and problem-focused action (PF). Participants and experts assessed strategy quality on three dimensions: the degree to which the strategy solved the problem, prevented or minimized future occurrences of the problem, and managed emotional reactions to the problem. Self and expert ratings were each combined with participants' endorsements of the strategy types in order to determine effectiveness. For each dependent variable, a 2 (Age) x 4 (Strategy) x 8 (Problem Domain) ANOVA was performed to examine group differences. The three-way interaction was significant within each analysis: strategy endorsement ratings, F(21, 2583) = 3.79, p < .001, eta p2 = .03; expert-based effectiveness scores, F(21, 2583) = 2.28, p = .001, eta p2 = .02; and self-based effectiveness scores, F(21, 2520) = 1.74, p < .05, eta p2 = .01. Follow-up tests revealed that age differences in strategy endorsements and effectiveness varied according to the domain of the problem. For solving information use problems, younger adults endorsed AD higher than older adults, but older adults endorsed AD higher than younger adults for consumer, work, and family problems. Younger adults endorsed CA higher than older adults for solving technology and information use problems. Younger adults endorsed PD higher than older adults for consumer, information use, health care, and technology problems. Younger adults also endorsed PF higher than older adults for solving home and family problems, but older adults endorsed PF higher than younger adults for solving consumer problems. Expert-based effectiveness scores indicated that younger adults had higher effectiveness scores than older adults for solving friend and information problems. Younger adults also had higher AD effectiveness for solving family problems than did older adults. However, self-based effectiveness scores indicated that older adults had higher effectiveness scores for solving work and technology problems than younger adults. Potential mediators of age differences in problem-solving effectiveness were assessed within the various domains. Participants' accumulated prior success with solving friend problems mediated age differences in expert-based effectiveness for solving friend problems (Sobel test statistic = -2.18, SE = .01). Taken together, these findings suggest that everyday problem-solving effectiveness is highly contextual. Problem domain effects were consistently larger than strategy effects, which were generally larger than age effects. Prior investigations of problem-solving effectiveness may have simplified our understanding of the nature of age differences in effective problem solving across problem domains.
机译:在日常解决问题的文献中,少数研究已经检验了作为解决问题的结果的有效性。有效性是一种确定用于解决不确定性问题的策略的质量的方法。知道解决问题策略的有效性可以帮助确定使用该策略的年龄差异是否也表明一个年龄组的更好的日常结果。在少数研究了有效解决问题的年龄差异的研究中,没有一项系统地评估了使某些策略有效而另一些策略对于各种问题情况无效的维度。此外,在解决问题的研究中,确定解决问题的有效性的各种方法学考量尚未解决,有关现存发现有效性的许多问题尚未得到解答。最后,不清楚为什么年龄的有效性差异可能会在特定的问题领域有所不同。本研究改编了Cornelius和Caspi(1987)的“日常问题解决清单”(EPSI),以研究解决问题的战略认可和对年轻人和老年人的解决效果。 EPSI包含六个问题域内的解决问题小插曲(即与朋友的冲突,消费者问题,家庭冲突,家庭管理,信息使用和与工作有关的问题)。本研究中使用的修订后的EPSI(REPSI)包括两个与年轻人和老年人都相关的日常领域:医疗保健问题和技术问题。参加者有69位年龄较小的成年人和61位年龄较大的成年人,他们评估了他们使用(策略认可)四种特定于问题的策略来解决每个领域的四种问题的可能性;这些策略分为回避思维和否认(AD),认知问题分析(CA),被动依赖行为(PD)和问题集中行动(PF)。参与者和专家从以下三个方面评估策略的质量:策略解决问题的程度,防止或最小化问题的未来发生以及管理对问题的情感反应。自我和专家评级分别与参与者对策略类型的认可相结合,以确定有效性。对于每个因变量,执行2(年龄)x 4(策略)x 8(问题域)ANOVA以检查组差异。在每个分析中,三向交互作用均显着:策略认可评级,F(21,2583)= 3.79,p <.001,eta p2 = .03;基于专家的有效性评分,F(21,2583)= 2.28,p = 0.001,eta p2 = .02;自我效能评分F(21,2520)= 1.74,p <.05,eta p2 = .01。后续测试显示,策略认可和有效性的年龄差异根据问题所在而有所不同。为了解决信息使用问题,年轻人在消费者,工作和家庭问题上对AD的认可度高于老年人,但老年人对AD的认可度高于年轻人。年轻人在解决技术和信息使用问题上的认可度要高于老年人。在消费者,信息使用,医疗保健和技术问题上,年轻人认可的PD高于成年人。年轻人在解决家庭和家庭问题上的支持率也比老年人高,但老年人在解决消费者问题上的支持率也高于年轻人。基于专家的有效性得分表明,在解决朋友和信息问题方面,年轻人的有效性得分高于成年人。与老年人相比,年轻人在解决家庭问题上也具有更高的广告效果。但是,基于自我的有效性得分表明,老年人比年轻人具有更高的解决工作和技术问题的有效性得分。在各个领域内,评估了在解决问题的有效性方面年龄差异的潜在中介者。参与者在解决朋友问题方面的先验成功是基于专家解决朋友问题有效性的年龄差异(Sobel检验统计量= -2.18,SE = .01)。综上,这些发现表明,每天解决问题的有效性在很大程度上取决于上下文。问题域的影响始终大于策略的影响,而策略的影响通常大于年龄的影响。先前对解决问题有效性的研究可能简化了我们对跨问题领域的有效问题解决中年龄差异的本质的理解。

著录项

  • 作者

    McFall, Joseph P.;

  • 作者单位

    West Virginia University.;

  • 授予单位 West Virginia University.;
  • 学科 Psychology Developmental.;Gerontology.;Health Sciences Aging.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 143 p.
  • 总页数 143
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:36:45

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