Evaluacion de lineas de habichuelas ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en un suelo de corozal bajo condiciones de acidez y toxicidad de aluminio.

摘要

Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are major problems in bean production in the tropics. This research studied the effect of pH and exchangeable Al 3+ on grain and dry matter yield of the variety 'Morales', planted in a Corozal soil (Ultisol). The residual value of seed yield, obtained in the analysis of variance, was used to estimate a size sample for particular LSD. The range of soil exchangeable Al3+ studied was between 0.08 cmolc kg-1 (pH 6.88) to 3.84 cmolc kg-1 (pH 4.78). Also, sixty eight lines of black beans and seventy two lines of small red beans from Central America were evaluated in plots with a soil exchangeable Al3+ content of 1.84 cmol c kg-1 and 0.32 cmolc kg-1, respectively. The mean yield of the variety 'Morales' were 890 kg ha-1 when soil pH was 4.78 and 1,279 kg ha-1 when soil pH was 5.17. This difference in pH resulted in a decrease in exchangeable Al3+ concentration from 3.84 cmolc kg-1 to 1.67 cmolc kg-1. No significant differences in yield were observed between treatments. The seed yield of 'Morales" decreased when the pH increased above 5.17 but this difference in yield wasn't statistically significant. In another time of the year a second experiment with Morales showed no significant differences in the seed yield between the highest level of exchangeable Al3+ (3.44 cmolc kg -1) and the other levels. Foliar analysis indicated that there was less absorption of calcium and higher absorption of aluminum in the plants as soil exchangeable Al3+ increased. However no differences were observed in nutriments foliar content. The black bean breeding lines that produced the greatest seed yield were: MEN 2204-39 (2,900 kg ha -1), MER 2222-48 (2,650 kg ha-1), and PR 0333-121 (2,183 kg ha-1). The small red bean breeding lines with the greatest seed yield were: MFP 2241-33 (2,417 kg ha-1), MR 13425-57-1 (2,950 kg ha-1), and MFP 2241-59 (2,333 kg ha-1).