Demand-side participation in power systems.

摘要

The restructured electric power system considers load as a constant value and that the forecasted load value should be satisfied under any circumstances. Therefore, the competition was among generators that submit strategic bids to the ISO (independent system operator) to supply the forecasted load. Thus the demand-side has no role in the market clearing and price setting process. Furthermore, price spikes might occur when the demand-side has no role in setting electricity prices, so generators have no incentive to bid close to their marginal cost which would lead to bids that are much higher than actual generation costs. This behavior would lead to volatile market prices that are far from the perfectly competitive prices. The demand-side participation may reduce the system load during peak periods, which is a more economical way to respond to generation capacity shortages. Using demand-side also mitigates the potential to exercise market power, which is caused by price manipulations of generation companies. The price manipulations mainly occur when the generation schedule is obtained through the minimization of total operating cost. An increase in demand-side participation would have benefits for individual consumers and the entire electricity market. Demand-side participation would include distributed generation, on-site storage, and demand response.;This dissertation discusses two aspects of demand side participation; distributed generation and demand response. Hydrokinetic energy as an example of distributed generation has been studied. A hydrokinetic turbine has been designed and sensitivity analysis has been performed with an optimal placement of turbines in a hydrokinetic farm. In addition, demand response in a day-ahead market clearing process has been investigated. A market model with DR in market clearing process has been proposed. The consumers are able to utilize responsive loads. A responsive load can be curtailed from the system for the economical reasons. However due to consumers desire, the curtailed load may be shifted to other operating hours in the scheduling horizon. The operational characteristics of loads including bids, hourly profile, and inter-temporal characteristics, are submitted to the ISO. A SCUC is used to clear the market, where network feasibility in base case and contingencies are taken into account.