Etude et prevention des accidents de la route impliquant le cerf de Virginie dans l'Ouest-de-la-Monteregie.

摘要

As an important problematic in the North American transportation field, and particularly in Canada, the road accidents involving wild animals lead each year to several hundreds of victims and substantial social costs. Among the wild species involved in this kind of collisions, the Virginia deer concerns the biggest part of the southern Quebec accidental events. In order to know which are the most influential factors and to reduce the impact of the phenomenon in the studied area -- Ouest-de-la-Monteregie -- the dissertation aims to draw up a statistical portrait, to determine the road sections with a high risk of deer-vehicle collision (DVC) and finally to suggest some countermeasures which can help to control the problematic in the studied geographical context. This territory shows a remarkable dichotomy with, on one hand, forests where the animals can take refuge, specially during winter, and on the other hand plains where the deers can find some food.Finally, seven portions with a high risk of DVC result from the segmentation analysis of the road network, thanks to a traffic-section approach. Some recommendations are introduced for each of these sections, and beside the technical countermeasures, prevention and awareness prove to be efficient methods.The study develops the importance given to the part of forest inside a key zone around the road network, and confirms the hypothesis regularly seen in the specialized literature that is to say that accidents involving deers more often happen during particular biological seasons for the species, and that the same collisions more often occur at a certain time of the day. Furthermore, the circulation flow, which is very important in every network analysis, will be studied in order to know how influential it can be in the problematic.