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Voting as a (Mandatory) Duty: Citizen Attitudes, Political Engagement, and Party Outreach Under Compulsory Voting

机译:投票(强制性):强制性投票下的公民态度,政治参与和政党外展

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摘要

Political participation is paramount to the well being of a democracy. Concerns over low turnout rates across the world have prompted a growing body of research on the potential for political institutions to foster electoral participation. Amongst those institutions, compulsory voting is found to have the largest and most robust impact on maximizing participation rates. Under this system, eligible citizens are required by law to go to the polls on election day, and are subject to penalties if they fail to do so. Beyond its positive impact on turnout, we know far less about what other aspects of the democratic process are influenced by compulsory voting. The main goal of this dissertation is to inform the debate on how and when the effects of compulsory voting extend beyond voter turnout. Specifically, I draw on numerous sources of survey data across the world to investigate the impact of compulsory voting (herein CV) on three distinct political aspects: citizen attitudes towards voting, political engagement, and elite campaigning.;The first step in understanding the broader effects of CV is to examine whether it influences citizens' perceptions of the democratic act of voting. In chapter two, I develop a detailed theoretical framework that highlights whether compulsory voting increases citizens' feelings of civic duty, or generates resentment amongst eligible voters. I also argue that the impact of CV on attitudes could be neutral---by devaluing the act of voting and making individuals indifferent towards the democratic process. Using a hierarchical modeling technique and survey data from Latin America, I show that voters living under CV are no more likely to report either increased feelings of civic duty or higher rates of resentment, compared to their counterparts under voluntary voting. Instead, individuals who are required to turn out by law are slightly more likely to feel indifferent towards electoral participation. Then, chapter three takes advantage of the recent abolition of compulsory voting in Chile to evaluate whether CV laws promote political engagement beyond election day. An empirical analysis of public opinion surveys over a 10-year period pre and post reform shows that rates of political engagement---specifically, watching and reading political news and discussing politics with family---are significantly higher under compulsory than under voluntary voting, and this is especially the case for those with lower levels of education. These findings suggest that when presented with the task of turning out at the polls, citizens seem to incur the extra costs necessary to make an informed decision.;Finally, in chapter four I investigate whether mandatory voting laws alter the way political parties decide to engage in outreach during political campaigns. Using a comprehensive dataset of post-election surveys of over 40,000 individuals in 27 different countries, I find that political elites do adjust to their institutional context---when voting is mandatory, parties invest in campaign outreach at similar levels (not less) than when voting is voluntary, and that this outreach is much less skewed towards individuals of higher socioeconomic status compared to when voting is voluntary. I also show evidence that parties under CV are more likely to engage in persuasion rather than mobilization via party outreach. Taken together, this dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of how maximizing electoral participation through a legal requirement to vote shapes individual and elite behavior, contributing to our understanding of the implications of political institutions for the quality of representative democracy worldwide.
机译:政治参与对于民主国家的福祉至关重要。全世界对投票率偏低的担忧促使人们对政治机构促进选举参与的潜力进行越来越多的研究。在这些机构中,发现强制投票对最大程度地提高参与率具有最大和最有力的影响。根据该制度,法律要求合格的公民在选举日参加投票,如果不这样做,将受到处罚。除了它对投票率的积极影响之外,我们对民主选举的其他方面受到强制投票的影响知之甚少。本文的主要目的是为辩论提供信息,说明强制性投票的方式和时间如何超出选民投票率。具体来说,我借鉴了世界各地的大量调查数据,以调查强制性投票(以下简称“简历”)对三个不同政治方面的影响:公民对投票的态度,政治参与和精英竞选。简历的作用是研究它是否影响公民对民主投票行为的理解。在第二章中,我将建立一个详细的理论框架,着重强调强制投票是增加公民的公民责任感,还是在合格选民中引起不满。我还认为,简历对态度的影响可能是中性的-通过贬低投票行为并使个人对民主进程漠不关心。使用分层建模技术和拉丁美洲的调查数据,与自愿投票的选民相比,我发现生活在简历下的选民不太可能报告公民义务感增强或不满率提高。取而代之的是,那些需要依法参加选举的人对选举参与漠不关心。然后,第三章利用智利最近废除的强制投票制来评估简历法是否在选举日之后促进了政治参与。对改革前后10年期间的民意调查的实证分析表明,义务制下的政治参与率(特别是观看和阅读政治新闻以及与家人讨论政治)的比率明显高于自愿投票制。 ,尤其是那些文化程度较低的人。这些发现表明,在承担进行民意测验的任务时,公民似乎要承担做出知情决定所需的额外费用。最后,在第四章中,我研究了强制投票法是否会改变政党决定参与的方式在政治运动中进行宣传。通过对27个国家/地区的40,000多人进行选举后调查的综合数据集,我发现政治精英确实适应了他们的体制背景-当强制投票时,政党在竞选活动方面的投入应不低于(不低于)当投票是自愿的时,与自愿投票相比,这种推广活动对社会经济地位较高的人的偏向要小得多。我也有证据表明,简历下的政党更有可能进行说服,而不是通过政党外展动员。综上,本论文对如何通过法律上的投票要求最大限度地提高选举参与度形成了个人和精英行为进行了全面的分析,有助于我们理解政治制度对全球代议制民主质量的影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rangel, Gabriela Sainati.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Kentucky.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kentucky.;
  • 学科 Political science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 208 p.
  • 总页数 208
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:53:25

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