sumes in the Built Environment: An Unobtrusive Content Analysis of the Colonization and Decolonization of Spokane Indian Architectural Space in Spokane, Washington.

摘要

This study challenges the status quo in the built environment disciplines from a critical Indigenous perspective and redraws the cultural landscape by discerning how the theoretical concepts of colonization and decolonization are manifested in Spokane Indian architectural space. Once the colonization of Spokane Indian architectural space has been transparently named, then perhaps a decolonized (Indigenized) architectural space can be conceptualized while charting a new direction for Indigenous architecture and urban planning perspectives parallel to dominant non-Indigenous perspectives of the built environment. The study employs unobtrusive visual research methods to describe and analyze contemporary built environment artifacts with a Native American theme on the ancestral homelands of the Spokane Indians in the city of Spokane, Washington. A critical analysis of 224 urban landscape artifacts and visual identities are explored using a pre-colonization/colonization/decolonization theoretical framework for measuring Spokane Indian thematic sensibilities in the contemporary urban fabric. Through a critical Indigenous decolonization methodological lens the study primarily asked; To what extent does the contemporary built environment of Spokane, Washington reflect the unique and distinct pre-colonial built environment heritage of the Spokane Indians? sumes as an Indigenous leadership way of knowing, being, and seeing in the world is at the core of this study bounded by ancestral place in the built environment of Spokane, Washington. Among the Spokane Indians, sumes is ones "spirit power" or the "power given by her or his spirit helper." Linking with decolonization theory, the researcher's contribution of the physical recovery of pre-colonial Spokane Indian built environment heritage is positioned and confirmed within the circle of scholars who reported (ethnography, archaeology, and anthropology) on pre-colonial built environment heritage. Sewing the built environment strands together, the study demonstrates contemporary implications like the design of culturally relevant house designs manifested from the pre-colonial architectural heritage of the Spokane Indians.