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THE KASHMIRI BRAHMINS (PANDITS) UP TO 1930: CULTURAL CHANGE IN THE CITIES OF NORTH INDIA

机译:直至1930年的喀什米尔婆罗门(Pandits):北印度城市的文化变迁

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摘要

This study focuses upon those Kashmiri Pandits who left Kashmir at varying times and settled in the cities of North India. The Kashmiri Pandits were a small community. The Census of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh enumerated only 791 in 1891; forty-five years later, an internal community survey of all the Pandits outside Kashmir itself identified approximately 2,000. The Pandits were a highly literate community and dependent upon that literacy for their livelihood.;The introductory chapters of this study examine the conditions under which the Kashmiri Pandits departed from Kashmir and the extent to which community accounts of departure accord with a more detached historical perspective. The second part of this work follows the Pandits as they dispersed from Delhi in the twilight of Mughal imperial rule to more prosperous regional centers such as Lucknow and Lahore.;The later years of the nineteenth century were difficult years for the Pandits. Previously they had defined themselves by and assimilated themselves to the Mughal court culture, a culture which contained many Islamicate and Persianate elements. By the second half of the nineteenth century, the ideals of this culture no longer exercised commanding influence over Indian society. Simultaneously, the traditional literate elite, a composite group of both Muslim and non-Muslim Urdu speakers found their monopoly on government service challenged.;The journals of the community reflected the degree to which the Kashmiri Pandits felt vulnerable as "outsiders." They also reflected the degree to which the Pandits felt pressured by communalist Hindus as a result of those elements in their cultural heritage which came to be labeled "Islamic." As a result of changes in the environment, the Pandits inaugurated what one termed a "program of Islamicization." Even as Tej Bahadur Sapru was eulogizing the Pandits as a community which embodied the best of both Muslim and non-Muslim culture, others were joining Hindu chauvinist organizations and taking up Sanscrit. By 1930, the point at which this study ends, the cultural attributes of the Pandits were very different from what they were a century earlier.
机译:这项研究的重点是那些在不同时间离开克什米尔并定居在印度北部城市的克什米尔人潘迪斯。克什米尔人潘蒂斯是一个很小的社区。西北省份和奥德省的人口普查在1891年只列举了791个;四十五年后,对克什米尔地区以外的所有潘迪特人进行的内部社区调查确定了大约2,000人。泛达人是一个文化程度很高的社区,其生计依赖于这种文化。本研究的介绍性章节探讨了克什米尔人泛达人离开克什米尔的条件,以及离开的社区账户在多大程度上符合更独立的历史观点。这项工作的第二部分是泛达人在莫卧儿帝国统治时期从德里散布到更繁荣的地区中心(如勒克瑙和拉合尔)的情况。十九世纪后期对于泛达人来说是艰难的岁月。以前,他们根据莫卧儿宫廷文化来定义自己,并与之融合,该文化包含许多伊斯兰和波斯元素。到19世纪下半叶,这种文化的理想已不再对印度社会产生影响。同时,传统的文化精英,由穆斯林和非穆斯林乌尔都语者组成的复合组织,发现他们对政府服务的垄断受到挑战。社区的期刊反映了克什米尔人潘迪特人在“外来者”中感到脆弱的程度。它们还反映了潘迪特人由于其文化遗产中被称为“伊斯兰教”的那些因素而受到共产主义者印度教徒的压力的程度。由于环境的变化,潘迪斯开创了所谓的“伊斯兰化计划”。即使Tej Bahadur Sapru向泛达人表示敬意,该社区体现了穆斯林文化和非穆斯林文化的精髓,但其他人也加入了印度沙文主义组织并占领了梵文。到1930年,即本研究的终点,潘迪斯的文化属性与一个世纪前的文化属性大为不同。

著录项

  • 作者

    SENDER, HENRIETTE M.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Asian history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1981
  • 页码 621 p.
  • 总页数 621
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:51:38

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