NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF SEVERAL SPIROPLASMAS.

摘要

Two chemically defined media (CC-494 and CC-922) were developed to support the in vitro cultivation of four spiroplasmas belonging to three distinct serogroups. Medium CC-494 supported the growth of two flower spiroplasmas FS (23-6) and (SR-3) and honeybee spiroplasma HBS (AS-576), and CC-922 supported the growth of S. citri. Under optimal conditions, growth yield of FS (23-6) reached 1.96 x 10('9) cells/ml; FS (SR-3), 1.63 x 10('9) cells/ml; HBS (AS-576), 3.29 x 10('9) cells/ml in 2, 4, and 3 days respectively and S. citri reached 3.48 x 10('8) cells/ml in 10 days. Maxium growth of the two flower spiroplasmas and honeybee spiroplasma on the chemically defined media was comparable to that in an undefined medium (C-3G). The yield for S. citri in CC-922 was less than its yield in C-3G. The growth rate for all four spiroplasmas was generally slower when cultured in defined media.; Glucose, fructose, and mannose were utilized by all three spiroplasmas. In addition, HBS (AS-576) utilized trehalose; FS (SR-3), sucrose; FS (23-6), trehalose, sucrose, and raffinose. Amino acid metabolism was similar for both flower spiroplasmas but differed from HBS (AS-576). FS (23-6) was the only strain which utilized arginine. HBS (AS-576) required at least one purine and pyrimidine base for growth, whereas both flower spiroplasmas grew with only one base in the medium. Oleic acid, cholesterol, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were essential to all three spiroplasmas. Palmitic acid, which was nonessential, promoted significant growth.; S. citri utilized glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, sorbitol,^and trehalose. It grew in a medium with any one of four amino^acid combinations: (1) 20 amino acids, (2) glucogenic amino^acids, (3) nonessential amino acids('1), and (4) uncharged polar^R group amino acids. Asparagine, cysteine, and glutamine were^essential for growth. S. citri required the same nucleic acid^precursors as HBS (AS-576). Besides palmitic acid, oleic acid,^cholesterol, and BSA, it also required dipalmitoyl-phosphatidyl-^choline (pc), dimyristoyl-pc, dioleoyl-pc, and phosphatidyl-^ethanolamine. Its growth rate increased with the addition oflinoleic acid, cholesterol-n-octanoate, cardiolipin, linolenic acid,; and caprylic acid.; ; ('1)Those amino acids are not essential for humans and albino rats.