THE PROACTIVE MODEL OF POLICE ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY OF URBAN POLICE DEPARTMENT ADMINISTRATION ILLUSTRATING HOW A PROACTIVE APPROACH CAN IMPROVE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS.

摘要

Traditionally, police administrators in the United States have found themselves spending the majority of their time responding to crises. As crime has continued to increase, the responsive or reactive approach has failed to achieve the goal of policing--a safer society. This dissertation suggests that a proactive approach to police administration, anticipating and planning for policing problems, would bring police agencies much closer to achieving the goals for which they exist.;Chapter 2 looks at police administration in the 1980's. From Peelian reform in England in the nineteenth century, through the evolution of policing in the United States, the developments leading to current practices are discussed. In an effort to identify the expectations of the citizenry, a questionnaire was distributed to residents of Oakland, San Francisco and San Jose, California. The results of this survey are analyzed.;In chapter 3 the proactive model is presented and its key elements of planning, objectives, leadership and execution are discussed. The chapter concludes with an exploration of how the proactive model moves a police department closer to fulfilling citizen expectations.;Chapter 4 reviews the administrations of the Oakland, San Francisco and San Jose police departments in relation to the proactive model. The review is based on interviews with the chiefs of the three departments and their immediate superiors and on available statistical data.;Chapter 1 draws from the field of public administration to identify management principles that have proved effective in the past. Both the applicability of public administration to police administration and the unique attributes of police administration are reviewed. The effects of the rapidly changing environment in which the police administrator must function are also discussed. The chapter concludes by suggesting how to reconcile the conflicting responsibilities of providing public protection and controlling public conduct.;Chapter 5 identifies the prioritizing of crime control as the critical basis of the proactive model. To establish this priority the police administrator must reconcile the commitment to service with crime control. This dissertation concludes with suggestions for the implementation of the model and methods of gathering public support for it.