Analysis of aerosols using total reflection x-ray spectrometry and industrial process monitoring using EDXRF.

摘要

I. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) was used to determine sulfur, chlorine, potassium, and calcium in atmospheric aerosol samples. Aerosols collected in a size fractionation cascade impact collector were dissolved in water, and the solution was placed on a quartz X-ray reflector plate. X-ray fluorescence spectra were acquired by using a prototype TXRF spectrometer. Cobalt was used as the internal standard added to the solution after dissolution of the aerosol. Detection units as low as 325 pg for sulfur and between 38 and 387 ;Particle size effects were evaluated for on-line analysis of powdered materials. Monominerallic size fractions of galena, pyrite, and quartz were examined and an empirical correction method was proposed for reduction of particle size effects in homogeneous materials. The empirical correction method was applied to potash samples for size fractions up to 250 ;II. Energy dispersive XRF was evaluated for on-line analysis of liquid and powdered materials. A prototype EDXRF instrument was developed and evaluated for on-line analysis of liquids. The flow cell used in the prototype instrument incorporates a thin polyvinyl fluoride film in a Teflon body to provide a window for the detection of fluorescent radiation from the sample. Lead and bromine were determined in leaded gasoline. Lower limits of detection were established for several other elements in a hydrocarbon matrix.