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Olynthus: Social and spatial planning in a Greek city.

机译:Olynthus:希腊城市的社会和空间规划。

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Planning a Classical Greek city involved more than simply laying out its streets, blocks and public buildings. The polis encompassed both city and citizens, and the creation of a new polis entailed bringing a new organization to both the land and its new occupants. This study examines some of these processes and the parallels between them, the ways in which the physical organization of a polis may reflect the social organization of its citizens. It addresses a number of interlocked issues in of Greek city planning: utopian theories of philosophers and planners; the geometry of Greek cities; the distribution of land in newly-founded settlements; and the spatial organization of different sorts of civic and private groups of citizens.; The study looks at the city of Olynthus as an example of a Greek polis, and examines patterns in the organization of houses, blocks and neighborhoods of the city. A few historical issues are addressed, especially the effects of the anoikismos of 432 BC, the population of Olynthus, and the reoccupation of the city after its destruction in 348 BC. The thousands of finds from the destruction level help us reconstruct the functions of different rooms and the organization of houses. An analysis of house plans suggests that the houses of each row or block were built at the same time and by related groups of people, so that the insulae formed coherent social as well as physical units of the city. Other factors can be related to the design of houses and the activities which went on in them, for instance proximity to the agora and to primary commercial arteries of the city. A kind of natural zoning is therefore apparent at Olynthus, with households in different regions of the city building houses of different plans, cooking and storing agricultural products differently, engaging in different occupations and trades, participating to various degrees in the commercial economy of the city. This zoning was probably envisioned at the time the city was laid out, and was realized through the processes in which citizens disposed themselves in the initial partition and distribution of land.
机译:规划一个古典希腊城市不仅仅涉及布置街道,街区和公共建筑。这座城市既包括城市,也包括公民,新城市的创建需要为土地及其新居民带来新的组织。这项研究考察了其中一些过程以及它们之间的相似之处,即大都市的物质组织如何反映其公民的社会组织的方式。它解决了希腊城市规划中的许多相互关联的问题:哲学家和规划者的乌托邦理论;希腊城市的几何形状;在新成立的居民点中分配土地;以及不同种类的公民和私人公民的空间组织。这项研究将奥林瑟斯市作为希腊大都市的一个例子,并研究了城市房屋,街区和邻里的组织模式。解决了一些历史问题,尤其是公元前432年的阳极化的影响,奥林修斯的人口以及该市在公元前348年被破坏后的重新占领。从破坏的角度来看,成千上万的发现帮助我们重建了不同房间的功能和房屋的结构。对房屋计划的分析表明,每排或每栋房屋的房屋都是由相关人群同时建造的,因此,这些独立的房屋构成了城市社会和物理单位的连贯性。其他因素可能与房屋的设计以及房屋中进行的活动有关,例如,靠近集市和城市的主要商业动脉。因此,在Olynthus中出现了一种自然分区,城市的不同地区的家庭建造了不同计划的房屋,以不同的方式烹饪和存储农产品,从事不同的职业和行业,并在不同程度上参与了城市的商业经济。 。这种分区可能是在城市布局时预想的,并且是通过公民在最初的土地分配和分配过程中自行分配的过程来实现的。

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