A dynamic procedure for managing/monitoring the quality of water resources in developing countries.

摘要

Water quality management efforts in many countries range between two extremes. One extreme is the crisis management where no routine effort to manage the water quality exists, and attempts are taken only in case of apparent problems. The other is an expensive, complex web of activities designed to protect the quality of the water for beneficial uses. In this study, five levels of water quality management were identified to span between these two extremes. They reflect the evolving nature of management. This study identified the information needed at the different management levels, which clarified the direct relationship between management and monitoring.; As a result a water quality monitoring system design strategy that depends mainly on the flow of information has been developed, where the limited resources of developing countries have been considered. Management/information relationships have been used to develop three phases of an implementation strategy for the proposed water quality monitoring system. The first one starts the monitoring activities by testing the system, that is checking the water bodies in the design country against any pollution that influences the beneficial uses of the water. The second phase, moves towards more control with a permit system, called starting control, which subjects effluents from many industries or firms to routine monitoring. The last phase, called assisting system to comply, seeks the proper methods to help the polluters comply with the rules and regulations by offering technical and financial help.; Finally, Egypt as a developing country has been used as an illustration of the procedures developed in this study.