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Women and property in Sung Dynasty China (960-1279): Neo-Confucianism and social change in Chien-chou, Fukien.

机译:宋代中国的妇女与财产(960-1279):福建千州的新儒学与社会变迁。

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摘要

This study uses court cases and funerary inscriptions to examine women's property rights in the Sung dynasty and changes in those rights towards the end of the dynasty. It concentrates on the prefecture of Chien-chou in northern Fukien province, where a new social movement called Neo-Confucianism was centered.; Despite Confucian rhetoric that emphasized the patrilineal male line and succession to ancestral sacrifices, from earliest times on parents regularly transmitted a portion of their property to their daughters. Women enjoyed strong customary rights to dowry, which for the elite usually included land, and could sometimes inherit considerable wealth over and above dowry. Women's inheritance rights were strengthened and codified into law in the Sung, even as the state limited transmission of property in general.; Within marriage women maintained separate ownership of their personal assets, including land and other property purchased after their marriage. Sung law especially protected women in joint family households; but even after family division, when husband and wife set up an independent family unit, the wife's property was clearly demarcated from that of her husband. This gave Sung women considerable economic independence and the freedom to remarry with their personal property at any time in their life in case of widowhood or divorce.; Neo-Confucians opposed both inheritance by women and the possession of personal property within marriage. They praised wives for donating their personal wealth to their husband's family, and Neo-Confucian judges in the late Sung tried consciously to change laws and customs so that women would no longer take property out of their marriages. In the Yuan dynasty following the Sung these efforts succeeded and the law was changed, forcing widows to leave their property behind if they remarried.; While Neo-Confucians opposed women's rights to private property, they nevertheless granted wives a major role in managing the financial resources of the household. Changes in women's property rights at the end of the Sung were part of their social vision, which called for widow chastity and a strong female head of household.
机译:这项研究使用法院案件和丧葬铭文来考察宋朝妇女的财产权利以及朝代末这些权利的变化。它集中在福建省北部的千秋县,新的社会运动称为新儒家。尽管儒家的言论强调了父系男性,并继承了祖先的祭物,但从最早的父母时代起,父母就定期将其财产的一部分转移给女儿。妇女享有强大的嫁妆习惯权利,对于精英来说,嫁妆通常包括土地,并且有时可以继承除嫁妆以外的大量财富。妇女的继承权得到了加强,并在成文法典中被写入法律,尽管国家总体上限制了财产的转让。在结婚期间,妇女对自己的个人资产拥有单独的所有权,包括结婚后购买的土地和其他财产。唱法特别保护家庭联合家庭中的妇女;但是即使在家庭分裂之后,当丈夫和妻子建立独立​​的家庭单位时,妻子的财产显然仍与丈夫的财产划定了界限。这赋予了成年妇女相当大的经济独立性,并使其在生活中随时可以丧偶或离婚的自由。新儒家反对妇女继承和婚姻中拥有个人财产。他们称赞妻子将个人财富捐献给丈夫的家庭,宋代后期的新儒家法官有意识地试图改变法律和习俗,以使妇女不再从婚姻中夺取财产。宋代以后的元朝,这些努力取得了成功,法律得到了改变,强迫寡妇再婚,将其财产遗弃。尽管新儒家反对妇女享有私有财产的权利,但她们仍然赋予妻子在管理家庭财务资源方面的重要作用。宋末妇女权益的变化是其社会愿景的一部分,该愿景要求寡妇贞操并拥有坚强的女户主。

著录项

  • 作者

    Birge, Bettine.;

  • 作者单位

    Columbia University.;

  • 授予单位 Columbia University.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.; Womens Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1992
  • 页码 414 p.
  • 总页数 414
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 世界史;社会学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:50:11

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