In the early 20th century, cartoons in China began to evolve into an independent school in the fine arts. The function of cartoons from the beginning has been to oppose foreign invasions and the decadence of the government. In the first half of the century, cartoons were used as a powerful device in mass communication for mobilizations and organizations in China, especially during political movements such as May 4th (1919) Movement, Anti-Japanese War, and the civil wars. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, cartoons were used continuously as a strong voice in political propaganda and mass communication. Since then, cartoonists have existed under the leadership of the Communist Party and followed the Marxist ideology as a guideline for cartoon creations. At present, cartooning in China is flourishing. However, cartoonists are currently facing the question of how to maintain the oppositional function of cartoons without losing the satirical and humorous form of presentation, and should also have them continue to be appreciated as artistic works with traditional Chinese characteristics.
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