Planning for urban tourism.

摘要

Urban areas are becoming increasingly significant as centres of tourist activity and development, and moreover, the impacts of this upon economic, social and physical environments are becoming more and more relevant to urban planning and management. The thesis examines trends and patterns in international tourism development, and considers the diverse and complex impacts of tourism in the U.K., and in particular, in British towns and cities. Structural changes in British tourism demand and supply are examined, and the impacts of these changes on British towns and cities documented, with particular reference to the problems facing traditional U.K. seaside resorts. The European Community and the British tourism planning contexts are examined, and current British Government policy with respect to tourism and planning is reviewed. Tourism planning practice at the level of the county, and district authorities is examined, with reference to the main tourism-related issues that confront planning authorities. Examples of policies and approaches from structure plans, local plans, UDPs and tourism strategies are documented to portray some contemporary local planning practices. Some of the planning issues that face historic urban areas and seaside towns are documented, with reference to strategic planning advice and the new planning policy guidance on tourism (PPG 21, 1992). The importance of a strategic and integrated approach to tourism planning and urban tourism management is emphasised, and supported through case study material and tourism planning literature. Interest in the potential value and use of urban tourism as a catalyst in the process of urban regeneration has grown considerably in recent years. The Government has stated its support for the use of pump-priming funds and partnership schemes in tourism- related urban regeneration, and the implementation and experiences of such grant- assisted tourism schemes are examined, with reference to Government urban policy. A number of contemporary planning approaches, and methods of attracting tourism to previously non-tourist urban areas are examined, and critically assessed. The example of Bradford is used to describe the utilisation of urban tourism in a regeneration strategy. Finally the implications of the study for future urban tourism planning practice are summarised, with regard to the structure and role of planning for tourism in Britain.