Causativity in Korean: Syntactic causative, control, and purpose.

摘要

The main point of this study is to demonstrate that the syntactic causative, object control, and purpose clause sentences all semantically contain 'causation'. For this study we define 'causation' as in (1). (1) Definition of Causation: (a) The causing event A encoded in the main clause occurred to bring about the desired event B encoded in the embedded clause. (b) The causer and the causee are not equivalent. With this definition, as long as the desired event encoded in the embedded clause is intended to occur by the causing event encoded in the main clause, whether the desired event is actually realized or not, the definition (1) is satisfied.; In the Korean syntactic causative literature, one of the main issues has been biclausality vs. monoclausality of the syntactic causative. We argue that no matter what marker the causee is marked with the syntactic causative sentence is biclausal at every level of derivation. We argue that when the causee is marked with the accusative marker or the dative marker there is a zero anaphor in the embedded subject position, and the nominative causee is the embedded subject at every level of derivation.; We claim that in Korean the so-called control structure, both subject control and object control, is mainly pragmatic rather than syntactic in the sense that the referent for the zero anaphor in the embedded subject position is not always found within the main clause.; Finally, we claim that the syntactic causative, object control, and the purpose clause sentences all contain 'causation' in the semantic sense. But syntactically they may be expressed differently in different languages. In Korean and Thai, for instance, they all share the same syntactic structure. In Thai, however, the syntactic causative can be syntactically expressed in more than one way. In English, three syntactic structures, to-infinitival, 'so that' clause and bare-infinitive, are used, whereas in Japanese the syntactic causative uses a morphological process that forms a monoclausal sentence at the final level, while the object control sentence and the 'so that' sentence share a biclausal structure, using the complementizer 'yooni'.