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Efficiency in the air transportation industry, 1971-1986: An economic capacity utilization perspective.

机译:航空运输业的效率,1971-1986年:经济能力利用的观点。

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摘要

This is an empirical study of efficiency in the domestic airline industry both at the firm level as well as over time. A panel of 23 airlines observed over the period 1971-1986 is utilized. The performance metric is assumed to be economic capacity utilization. The dissertation identifies the problems involved in the construction of such performance indices in this industry as well as other transportation industries. These problems are identified to be both conceptual as well as technical. A methodology is provided for the construction of such firm specific capacity utilization indices which are backed by a sound theoretical background of firm optimization. The parametric estimation of these performance measures is carried out using the restricted variable translog cost function. A detailed short run-long run analysis of substitution patterns allows us to link these performance measures to the underlying production technology especially to the nature of substitution relations between capital the fixed factor and fuel, labor and materials. The evidence points to a low but significant substitutable relation between capital and all variable inputs. This facilitates an empirical assessment of the effects of fuel price changes on efficiency. To our knowledge this is the first study to attempt this. By linking the econometric measure to costs, it is observed that the inefficiency implications of low capacity utilization levels are greater for local service than for trunk airlines and also greater during the regulated era. These econometric measures are also linked to investment decisions in aircraft. These indices are also compared and contrasted with the corresponding engineering measures of capacity utilization, as well as the load factor. The comparison reveals the engineering measures to be consistently below the parametrically estimated indices. Both measures however, agree as regards overall trends in industry performance. All capacity utilization measures exhibit a unanimous decline in the growth rate during the deregulated era. A comparison with other popular performance measures such as total factor productivity and technical efficiency indices is also carried out. Both engineering and econometric measures are also regressed on a number of factors which could potentially influence these performance measures.
机译:这是对公司层面以及长期内国内航空业效率的实证研究。使用了由1971年至1986年观察到的23家航空公司组成的小组。绩效指标被假定为经济能力利用率。本文确定了在该行业以及其他运输行业中建立此类绩效指标所涉及的问题。这些问题被认为既是概念上的又是技术上的。提供了一种构建此类公司特定产能利用率指标的方法,该方法以公司优化的良好理论背景为后盾。这些性能指标的参数估计是使用限制变量的对数成本函数进行的。对替代模式进行的详细的短期-长期分析可以使我们将这些绩效指标与基础生产技术相关联,尤其是与固定要素资本与燃料,劳动力和材料之间的替代关系的本质相关联。证据表明,资本与所有可变投入之间的替代关系很低,但意义重大。这有助于对燃油价格变化对效率的影响进行实证评估。就我们所知,这是尝试进行此操作的第一个研究。通过将计量经济学方法与成本联系起来,可以发现,低容量利用率水平的低效率隐患对本地服务的影响比对干线航空公司的影响更大,在管制时期也更大。这些计量经济学指标也与飞机的投资决策有关。还将这些指标与相应的容量利用率工程指标以及负载系数进行了对比。比较表明工程措施始终低于参数估计的指标。但是,这两项措施在行业绩效的总体趋势上都是一致的。在放松管制时期,所有容量利用措施均显示出增长率的一致下降。还与其他流行的绩效指标(例如全要素生产率和技术效率指标)进行了比较。工程和计量经济指标也都根据许多可能影响这些绩效指标的因素进行了回归。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    Texas A&M University.;

  • 授予单位 Texas A&M University.;
  • 学科 Economics General.; Transportation.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 171 p.
  • 总页数 171
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 经济学;综合运输;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:49:16

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