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Circular labor migration and subsistence agriculture: A case of the Iban in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

机译:循环劳务移民和自给农业:以印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省的伊班为例

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摘要

This dissertation is an analysis of circular labor migration and its effect on subsistence agriculture among the Iban of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Based on lengthy field research, it focuses on the intersection of Iban economy, demography, and social organization, including the nature of male labor migration, household composition, the labor exchange system, the role of women in farming and in Iban society generally, and the nature of forest-fallow farming.;In this remote area of Indonesian Borneo, Iban subsistence revolves around the cultivation of rice in hill, floodplain, and swamp swiddens. Hill swiddens, cut from long-fallowed forest, are particularly important. In addition, cash cropping, especially of rubber, supplements subsistence farming. However, the lack of good prices and local markets for cash crops results in high frequencies of male wage-labor migration.;Circular labor migration refers to a pattern in which people seek work away from home but return after months or years. Among these Iban men, it is largely international, to jobs they find across the border in Malaysia and Brunei. There the wages are higher and the currencies more stable, and men's earnings can be quite substantial by Indonesian standards. Wages are used to pay for consumer goods, subsistence foods when crops fail, and schooling for children and younger siblings.;Chronic male absence negatively affects the home community in a number of ways, including increased workloads on women in farming and domestic activities. However, as this study shows, women are more involved in agriculture regardless of the presence of men, and the absence of men does not negatively affect a household's ability to produce sufficient rice for itself. Likewise, male absence does not lead to male-poor households farming shorter (and less labor-demanding) fallows, which have been assumed to result in poorer yields. Factors that account for this situation include the widespread use of chainsaws in felling forest for farming, a functioning labor exchange system, household structure and composition, and women's control of their reproduction.
机译:本文分析了印度尼西亚西加里曼丹省伊班人中的循环劳动力迁移及其对自给农业的影响。在冗长的实地研究的基础上,它重点研究了伊班经济,人口统计学和社会组织的交集,包括男性劳动力迁徙的性质,家庭组成,劳动力交换系统,妇女在农业和整个伊班社会中的作用,以及在印度尼西亚婆罗洲的这个偏远地区,伊班人的生活主要围绕在丘陵,洪泛平原和沼泽沼泽地中种植水稻。从漫长的森林砍伐的山上的沼泽特别重要。此外,经济作物,特别是橡胶作物的经济作物补充了自给农业。但是,由于缺乏良好的价格和经济作物的当地市场,导致男性工资劳动力的迁移频率很高。循环劳动力迁移是指人们在不在家的地方寻找工作,但在数月或数年后返回的一种模式。在这些伊班人中,主要是国际性的工作,他们在马来西亚和文莱的边境找到工作。那里的工资更高,货币更稳定,按照印度尼西亚的标准,男人的收入可以相当可观。工资用于支付消费品,农作物歉收时的自给食品以及为儿童和较年轻的兄弟姐妹上学的费用。慢性男性缺勤在许多方面对家庭社区产生了负面影响,包括增加了从事农业和家庭活动的妇女的工作量。但是,正如该研究表明的那样,无论男人的存在与否,妇女都更多地参与农业,而男人的缺席也不会对家庭生产足够的稻米的能力产生负面影响。同样,男性缺勤也不会导致男性贫困家庭的耕种时间较短(劳动需求减少),这被认为导致单产下降。造成这种情况的因素包括在砍伐的森林中广泛使用电锯进行耕作,有效的劳力交换系统,家庭结构和组成以及妇女对其繁殖的控制。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wadley, Reed Lee.;

  • 作者单位

    Arizona State University.;

  • 授予单位 Arizona State University.;
  • 学科 Cultural anthropology.;Agricultural economics.;Demography.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 284 p.
  • 总页数 284
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:48:56

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