Institutional arrangements for urban management: The sustainable Dar-es-Salaam project.

摘要

This dissertation examines 2 issues of urban development planning in the context of Dar-es-Salaam City in Tanzania. They are the operational and professional conflicts. Urban developers find the conventional approach to urban development planning, master-planning, to be too rigid to guide urban development and accommodate all its stakeholders. This is the operational conflict between master-planners and developers. It is reinforced by discrepancies between master-plans and urban development realities. It varies from one city to another and from one time to another in the same city. Evidence exists worldwide to suggest that urban planning, a collective term I use to mean different approaches to planning urban development, continues to evolve and adapt itself in response to such operational conflict. But in doing so it generates trouble among urban planners on how to institutionalize urban planning in a way that can resolve such operational conflict. This is the professional conflict between master-planning and urban management. These 2 conflicts make the twofold issue of this research. The Tanzanian Sustainable Dar-es-Salaam Project (SDP), which is the empirical setting of this research, has sought to resolve these 2 conflicts since its inception in 1992.;Data collection methods were: Participant observation; official interviews; and reviews of official documents, the press, the internet, and relevant literature. Then data analysis was done by making 4 case-studies of the research issue: Siting of Hotel Sheraton Dar-es-Salaam; land-use zoning of Makongo-Changanyikeni residential area; accommodation of city-center informal-sector activities; and improvement of Hanna-Nassif residential area. Research findings include the following: The 2 conflicts exist. As the operational conflict recurs, the professional conflict intensifies. Resolution of the professional conflict is necessary to resolve the operational conflict. Extent, context, causation, and solution of both conflicts cause an institutional concern for urban planning. Institutional arrangements for urban management, as adopted by the SDP, seek to resolve both conflicts using the strategy of room-for-maneuver. Details of the research, the findings, and their institutional implications for urban planning constitute the body of this dissertation.