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Foundations of meaning: Primary metaphors and primary scenes.

机译:意义的基础:主要的隐喻和主要场景。

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摘要

Linguistic evidence reveals strong cognitive links between certain basic concepts, and suggests that these links structure much of conscious, subjective experience.; The study presented here takes as its starting points two questions about the conceptual theory of metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; etc.): How must the conceptual mappings which underlie metaphorical language be described in order to most accurately account for linguistic data? and, How does the need for plausible motivations constrain these mappings? I propose a new analytical framework--the theory of primary metaphors--which addresses both these questions. If metaphorical language is analyzed in terms of structured mappings between very basic concepts then patterns in metaphorical language are successfully predicted, and patterns of conceptual association (or binding) can be plausibly accounted for in terms of recurring correlations in experience.; Linguistic evidence shows that the types of concepts which are paired in primary metaphors have distinctive properties: Primary source concepts, like Heaviness, (which provide the vocabulary and imagery of the metaphors) are characterized by schematic image-content--content tied to perceptions and sensations--while primary target concepts, like Difficulty, (i.e. the intended topics of primary metaphorical language) refer to basic cognitive operations, judgments, and responses.; The experiences which could plausibly motivate the conceptual bindings in primary metaphors are primary scenes--recurrent, basic event-types which involve a tight correlation between perceptual experience and subjective response. These tight correlations--e.g., between the heaviness of objects and the strain we experience in lifting them--are the plausible bases for bindings between concepts, which ultimately give rise to linguistic metaphor.; The dissertation also explores the possible relevance of primary scenes to other aspects of language, including children's semantic and conceptual development and the organization of basic semantic domains such as spatial relations.; Most importantly, the findings have implications regarding the nature of subjective mental experience. Given current neurological theories about the nature of thought and reason (e.g., Damasio 1994)--particularly, the central role of images--primary metaphors are implicated as basic building blocks of phenomenological experience. They provide the cognitive link between "objective," bodily experiences and subjective responses to the environment.
机译:语言证据揭示了某些基本概念之间的牢固认知联系,并表明这些联系构成了许多有意识的,主观的经验。这里提出的研究以关于隐喻概念理论的两个问题为出发点(Lakoff&Johnson,1980;等):为了最准确地解释语言数据,如何描述隐喻语言的概念映射?并且,对合理动机的需求如何限制这些映射?我提出了一个新的分析框架-主要隐喻理论-解决了这两个问题。如果根据非常基本的概念之间的结构化映射来分析隐喻语言,那么就可以成功地预测隐喻语言的模式,并且可以根据经验的反复相关性合理地解释概念关联(或绑定)的模式。语言学证据表明,在主要隐喻中配对的概念类型具有独特的属性:主要来源概念(如“重”)(提供隐喻的词汇和意象)的特征是示意性的图像内容-与感知和视觉相关的内容感觉-主要目标概念(例如难度)(即主要隐喻语言的预期主题)是指基本的认知操作,判断和反应。可能在主要的隐喻中激发概念绑定的经验是主要的场景-经常发生的基本事件类型,它涉及感知经验和主观反应之间的紧密关联。这些紧密的联系,例如,在物体的沉重和我们举起物体时所承受的压力之间,是概念之间联系的合理基础,这些联系最终会引起语言隐喻。论文还探讨了主要场景与语言其他方面的可能相关性,包括儿童的语义和概念发展以及诸如空间关系等基本语义领域的组织。最重要的是,这些发现对主观心理体验的性质具有影响。考虑到当前关于思想和理性本质的神经学理论(例如Damasio 1994)-特别是图像的中心作用-主要隐喻被认为是现象学经验的基本组成部分。它们提供了“客观的”身体经验与对环境的主观反应之间的认知联系。

著录项

  • 作者

    Grady, Joseph Edward.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Berkeley.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Berkeley.;
  • 学科 Language Linguistics.; Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1997
  • 页码 299 p.
  • 总页数 299
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;心理学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:48:51

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