Genetic analysis of wheat powdery mildew resistance.

摘要

Wheat powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal (Bgt) = Erysiphe graminis DC. ex Merat f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal, is a disease of major importance. The use of single gene resistance is one of the primary methods of control of wheat powdery mildew. Marker assisted selection can be used as a plant breeding strategy for selecting linked resistance alleles and gene pyramiding. The objectives of this project is to identify sources of resistance genes, to analyze alleles transferred from wild relatives into common wheat (Triticum aestivum), and to identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers associated with major genes for wheat powdery mildew resistance.; The response patterns for resistance to powdery mildew were tested with 25 to 37 Bgt isolates in eighty wheat lines. Lines carrying genes Pm12, Pm13, Pm18, Pm20, Pm21, and Pm25 were resistant to all tested isolates and can be used as donors for powdery mildew resistance in wheat breeding programs.; Two new alleles for wheat powdery mildew resistance at distinct loci were successfully transferred into common wheat from wild relatives: Pm25 (PmTmb) from T. monococcum ssp. aegiloides and Pm21c from Dasypyrum villosum.; Alleles for powdery mildew resistance were identified and postulated in fourteen lines: Wembley, Pm1; Line #31, Pm1, Pm2 and Pm12; NC96BGTA5, Pm3a and Pm25; PM930640, PM94368, PM94460, PM95352, PM95364, 93N40, 93N115, 94G22-1, 94G32-1, 95G10, and 95G59, Pm21c.; More than forty RAPD markers were found associated with major genes, Pm1, Pm2, Pm3a, Pm3b, Pm3c, Pm4a, Pm12, Pm21 and Pm25 alleles, plus the Pm3 locus. OPU17{dollar}sb{lcub}750{rcub}{dollar} was linked to Pm1 {dollar}(2.2pm1.07 cM),{dollar} OPAN07{dollar}sb{lcub}1200{rcub}{dollar} was linked to Pm3b {dollar}(1.2pm0.85 cM),{dollar} {dollar}rm OPN09sb{lcub}600{rcub}, OPN09sb{lcub}1200{rcub},{dollar} and OPS03{dollar}sb{lcub}1400{rcub}{dollar} were linked to Pm3 alleles (0.0-0.15 cM), OPAH05{dollar}sb{lcub}580{rcub},{dollar} OPAI13{dollar}sb{lcub}490{rcub},{dollar} OPAE12{dollar}sb{lcub}495{rcub},{dollar} and OPAE12{dollar}sb{lcub}1350{rcub}{dollar} were linked to Pm12, OPAN03{dollar}sb{lcub}1700{rcub},{dollar} OPAI01{dollar}sb{lcub}700{rcub},{dollar} and OPAL03{dollar}sb{lcub}750{rcub}{dollar} were linked to Pm21, and OPX06{dollar}sb{lcub}1050{rcub},{dollar} OPAG04{dollar}sb{lcub}950{rcub},{dollar} and OPAI14{dollar}sb{lcub}600{rcub}{dollar} were linked to Pm25. Genetic maps of the regions carrying Pm12 and Pm25 were constructed.