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Obligation and jurisdiction: Roads and bridges in medieval England (c. 700-1300).

机译：义务和管辖范围：中世纪英格兰的公路和桥梁（约700-1300年）。

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The obligation to build bridges and the legal definition of the highway may serve as examples of the limits and ideology of royal law and governance in medieval England. Chapter Two juxtaposes environmental history with the appearance of bridge-work in charters. In the eighth century, there were few bridges and apparently no great need for them. The first appearance of bridge-work was a result of ideas influenced by Continental law about what constituted the Church's "proper liberty." Chapter Three examines the transformation of bridge-work under the pressure of Viking raids into a duty vital to the new West Saxon state. Narrative histories of the period suggest the military importance of bridges; the patterns of the obligations imposed suggest their importance to royal policy; and law codes and charters show bridge-work becoming a settled instrument of governance. As Chapter Four explores, in the eleventh and twelfth centuries legal theory changed so that instead of a duty common to all, bridge-work became a service excusable by the king. Monastic foundation charters and hagiography show the great abbeys taking advantage of this to exempt themselves by forgery. Thus, only fragments of obligations remained into the thirteenth century, when bridge-work became a matter of litigation, compromise and precedent. Chapter Five reconstructs the Anglo-Saxon law of the highway from contemporary law codes and later evidence, supplemented by a comparison with Continental law. The highway was part of tenth-century efforts to establish peaceful order. Subsequently, however, lords sought to abdicate their role in protecting the highway. Chapter Six explores two examples closely: a group of forged writs produced by Westminster Abbey and forgeries connected to the trial of Penenden Heath. Chapter Seven then examines the appearance of the myth of the Four Highways in legal and literary sources and its implications for twelfth-century law. Finally, Chapter Eight examines the thirteenth-century re-assertion of the king's rights over the highway.

机译：修建桥梁的义务和高速公路的法律定义可以作为中世纪英格兰皇家法律和统治的局限性和意识形态的例子。第二章将环境历史与宪章中桥梁的出现并列。在八世纪，几乎没有桥梁，对桥梁的需求也很大。桥梁工程的首次出现是受大陆法律影响的关于教会“适当自由”构成的思想的结果。第三章探讨了在维京人袭击的压力下桥梁工程如何转变为对新西萨克森州至关重要的职责。那个时代的叙事历史表明了桥梁的军事重要性。所施加义务的方式表明它们对王室政策的重要性；法律法规和宪章显示，桥梁工作已成为一种固定的治理工具。正如第四章所探讨的那样，在十一，十二世纪，法律理论发生了变化，以至于桥梁工作不再是所有人的共同职责，而是成为国王可原谅的一项服务。修道院的基金会章程和传记书显示，利用这些优势通过伪造免除的大修道院。因此，只有义务的碎片保留到了十三世纪，当时桥接工作成为诉讼，妥协和先例的问题。第五章根据当代法律法规和后来的证据，再加上与大陆法的比较，重构了高速公路的盎格鲁-撒克逊法律。高速公路是建立和平秩序的十世纪努力的一部分。然而，随后，领主试图放弃其在保护高速公路方面的作用。第六章密切探讨了两个例子：威斯敏斯特大教堂产生的一组伪造令状和与Penenden Heath审判有关的伪造品。然后，第七章研究了法律和文学资料中“四大公路”神话的出现及其对十二世纪法律的影响。最后，第八章考察了十三世纪国王对公路权利的重新主张。

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作者
Cooper, Alan Ralph.;
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作者单位

Harvard University.;

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授予单位 Harvard University.;
学科 History Medieval.; History European.; Law.; Transportation.
学位 Ph.D.
年度 1998
页码 321 p.
总页数 321
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类中世纪史（476~1640年）;欧洲史;法律;综合运输;
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Obligation and jurisdiction: Roads and bridges in medieval England (c. 700-1300).

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