Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping: Business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law.

摘要

The international trade in oil and petroleum products is a breeding ground for a number of environmental problems. The Nigerian Government intends to promulgate a maritime decree to deal with some of these problems. In this area, however, national measures have consistently proven to be inadequate, thus, leading to the establishment of international arrangements.; The International measures, in turn, suffer from the problems of implementation, compliance and enforcement that characterize virtually every aspect of international law. The attitude of the multinational corporations founded upon inordinate profit-maximization and the forces of national interest manifested through economic considerations, are at the root of the unpleasant state of affairs.; This thesis addresses these problems and proffers some solutions. Chapters one and two outline the extant domestic and international regulatory framework. In chapters three and four, I examine ways of improving on existing treaties, strengthening international arrangements, and, consequently impacting national measures.