Experimentation a propos des effets redistributifs de l'usage d'un reseau routier urbain.

摘要

The main objective of this research is to try out a valid methodology to evaluate the equity of a transportation system, and specifically an urban road network. It is about measuring the territorial and social redistributive impacts associated with the use of this network utilizing a totally disaggregate information approach.; This research project begins with an overview of the conceptual framework of a transportation system analysis: it introduces the concepts of system and interactions by adopting the traditional micro-economic model. Then, this project explains the problem of redistribution in a transportation context. It presents the theories of justice upon which the principle of equity is based, and it particularly explains Rawls' theory. Then, it defines territorial equity and social equity and gives an overview of some cost and benefit redistribution mechanisms. On the methodological side, this research project examines the urban transportation planning approach based on the traditional four-step model; it further explains why such an approach cannot be used to carry out an analysis of redistributive impacts. This project then looks for other planning methods and particularly explores the totally disaggregate urban transportation modeling approach developed in the Montreal case. It explains the basis of this method and shows its perfect adaptation to evaluate redistributive impacts. Then, the project explores an analysis method known as multi-perspective analysis and examines its application to transportation problems using an ontological model. Finally, this project carries out a multi-perspective analysis of the redistributive impacts associated with the use of an urban road network. For this purpose, it used a totally disaggregate information model and analyzed mobility data from the 1993-Greater-Montreal-Area large-scale origin-destination survey. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)