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Evolution and genetics of floral form in Mimulus.

机译:花mul形态的进化和遗传学。

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摘要

Debate over the pace of adaptive evolution has been ongoing for over 200 years. This debate is exemplified in research on the mechanisms by which new floral forms give rise to new species of angiosperms. The monkeyflowers Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis have been used to study the genetics of adaptation for decades. The work presented here addresses the issue of pacing in floral evolution in three ways: (1) Using chemical mutagenesis to induce single locus mutations in M. lewisii, (2) Examining the ecological consequences of changes to floral form by observing pollinator preference, and (3) Developing genetic maps in which these mutations can be mapped and identified. The large-scale mutant screen yielded mutant plants with phenotypes that mimic traits seen in its sister taxon, M. cardinalis, as well as other, more distantly related species of Mimulus, suggesting that the rapid radiation of floral form in this genus may have occurred by single locus mutations. The overall reduction in bumblebee visitation experienced by three of these mutants suggests that novel forms that arise in nature would likely see a similar reduction. Exclusion of the dominant pollinator, however, may be the first step in the process of a pollinator shift as pollinator exclusion may allow for a greater reward due to the accumulation of nectar, and greater sensitivity to selective pressures by new or previously minor pollinators. Using new gene-based markers, we created two genetic maps, one within M. lewisii and one in a hybrid backcross of M. lewisii and M. cardinalis. These maps revealed two instances of pseudolinkage, as well as significant compression in nearly every linkage group and may explain previous observations of correlation between unrelated traits in these species. This work provides a framework for further investigation into the adaptive evolution of floral form in Mimulus through mutant characterization, pollinator observation and genetic mapping.
机译:关于适应性进化步伐的争论已经持续了200多年。这种辩论在新的花卉形式引起新的被子植物机制的研究中得到了例证。数十年来,猕猴桃(Mimulus lewisii)和红松鼠(M. cardinalis)已被用于研究适应的遗传学。本文介绍的工作以三种方式解决了花序进化中的起搏问题:(1)利用化学诱变诱导刘易斯分支杆菌中的单基因座突变;(2)通过观察授粉媒介的偏好来研究花型变化的生态后果。 (3)制定遗传图谱,在其中可以绘制和鉴定这些突变。大规模的突变体筛选产生了具有表型的突变体植物,这些表型模仿在其姊妹分类单元M. cardinalis以及其他更远缘的Mimulus物种中观察到的性状,这表明该属中的花形可能已经发生了快速辐射。通过单个基因座突变。这些突变体中的三个突变体导致的大黄蜂访视总体减少表明,自然界中出现的新形式可能会出现类似的减少。然而,排除优势传粉者可能是传粉媒介转变过程中的第一步,因为由于花蜜的积累,传粉媒介被排斥可能会带来更大的回报,并且对新的或先前较小的传粉者对选择性压力的敏感性更高。使用新的基于基因的标记,我们创建了两个遗传图谱,一个在Lewisii内,一个在M. lewisii和M. cardinalis的杂交回交中。这些图谱揭示了两个伪连接的实例,以及几乎每个连接组的显着压缩,并且可以解释以前观察到的这些物种无关性状之间的相关性。这项工作提供了一个框架,用于通过突变特征,授粉媒介观察和遗传作图进一步研究Mi虫中花型的适应性进化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pince, Christina R.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.;Biology Genetics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 80 p.
  • 总页数 80
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;遗传学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:37:37

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