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A computer graphics based model of the cat head and neck used to examine joint movement, moment generating potential and EMG patterns in voluntary head and neck movements.

机译:一种基于计算机图形学的猫头和脖子模型,用于检查关节和运动,并在自愿的头和脖子运动中产生力矩并产生EMG模式。

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摘要

This thesis begins with a comprehensive biomechanical model of the cat head-neck system designed to calculate force moments produced by each neck muscle and to determine whether they vary sufficiently with neck motion to require the central nervous system to compensate for their changing moment generating capacities. The model is based on quantitative measures of physiological cross sectional area, tendon length, fascicle length, sarcomere length, and muscle attachment points that are used along with quantitative descriptions of cervical vertebrae anatomy and joint kinematics and allows computations to quantify the force and moment generating capacities of individual neck muscles. An important property of the head neck system that can only be derived from a comprehensive quantitative analysis is the influence of changes in moment arms and force generating capacity on moment generating capacity over a range of head and neck postures. Experimental observations of cats executing a 30 degree head and neck tracking task in the saggital plane that form part of this thesis showed that cats use multiple patterns of muscle activation and joint movements to accomplish the task. In some cases, differences in muscle activation patterns were explained by changes in muscle moment arms or force-generating potential. In other cases, differences in muscle activation patterns were observed without changes in muscle moment arms or force-generating potential. Different muscle activation patterns were used when the cat completed the tracking task with increased inertial loads. Joint alignments that were chosen to successfully complete the task resulted in increased muscle moment arms while reducing the lever arm of the largest inertial loads. While changes in moment arms and force-producing capacity do occur with neck motion, the system is capable of generating substantial muscle moments that vary little over a large range of motion. Neck muscle moments do not vary sufficiently with neck motion to require the central nervous system to compensate for their changing moment generating capacities suggesting a robust mechanical system that can execute a wide range of head movements.
机译:本论文从猫头-颈部系统的综合生物力学模型开始,该模型旨在计算每个颈部肌肉产生的力矩,并确定它们是否随颈部运动而充分变化,以要求中枢神经系统补偿其不断变化的力矩产生能力。该模型基于对生理截面积,肌腱长度,束长度,肌节长度和肌肉附着点的定量测量,并结合对颈椎解剖学和关节运动学的定量描述,并允许进行计算以量化力和力矩的产生个别颈部肌肉的能力。只能通过全面的定量分析得出的头颈部系统的重要属性是力矩臂和力产生能力的变化对一定范围的头部和颈部姿势的力矩产生能力的影响。对猫的矢状面执行30度头颈跟踪任务的实验观察表明,猫利用肌肉激活和关节运动的多种模式来完成任务。在某些情况下,肌肉激活模式的差异可以通过肌动臂的变化或产生力的方式来解释。在其他情况下,观察到肌肉激活模式的差异,而没有改变肌肉力矩臂或产生力的潜力。当猫以增加的惯性负荷完成跟踪任务时,将使用不同的肌肉激活模式。为了成功完成任务而选择的关节对准可增加肌肉力矩臂,同时减小最大惯性载荷的杠杆臂。颈部运动确实会改变力矩臂和产生力的能力,而该系统却能够产生相当大的肌肉力矩,这些力矩在很大的运动范围内几乎不会变化。颈部肌肉力矩不会随颈部运动而充分变化,以要求中枢神经系统补偿其不断变化的力矩产生能力,这表明可以执行广泛的头部运动的健壮机械系统。

著录项

  • 作者

    Statler, Kennyn Don, II.;

  • 作者单位

    Northwestern University.;

  • 授予单位 Northwestern University.;
  • 学科 Biomedical engineering.;Physical therapy.;Animal Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 181 p.
  • 总页数 181
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:47:25

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