首页> 外文学位 >The effects of nectar-robbing on a plant-pollinator mutualism and the evolution of nectar-robbing and sociality in bees.
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The effects of nectar-robbing on a plant-pollinator mutualism and the evolution of nectar-robbing and sociality in bees.

机译:抢花蜜对植物授粉媒介共生的影响以及抢花蜜和蜜蜂社交性的演变。

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摘要

How will the intrusion of other species that remove rewards without providing reciprocal services affect the interaction between mutualists? How do costs and benefits from these "cheaters" compare to costs and benefits from potentially mutualistic visitors? Finally, did nectar-robbing, one kind of cheating, promote the evolution of complex levels of sociality by allowing bees access to a wider range of resources? I investigated these questions in the research described below.; I found that pollinators visiting Chilopsis linearis (Bignoniaceae) spent less time visiting robbed flowers than visiting unrobbed flowers, and did not visit them as often as expected. Thus, robbing appeared to have a negative effect on pollinators visiting Chilopsis linearis .; I compared costs and benefits of floral visitors to Chilopsis linearis (desert willow). Chilopsis had sensitive stigmas that closed immediately upon touch and may have reopened later. I found that the probability of stigma reopening depended on the source and number of pollen grains deposited. I compared visitors by number of pollen grains deposited, viability of pollen that they deposited, and their effect on stigmas. Nectar-robbers did not benefit plants by pollen deposition, but they also did not cost plants by causing stigmas to close without adequate pollen having been deposited.; I investigated the effects of robbing on pollinator behavior and plant reproductive success. Nectar volumes were lower in robbed flowers than in unrobbed flowers. However, the most effective pollinators, bumblebees, did not avoid robbed flowers. In investigating male reproductive success, I found that on some days, dye mimicking pollen traveled farther from robbed flowers, indicating that robbing may sometimes be beneficial to plants. In investigating female reproductive success, I found that there was no difference in pollen tube number between robbed and unrobbed flowers. Thus, a negative effect on one mutualist may not affect the other mutualist.; I hypothesized that the evolution of robbing in bees was associated with a broad diet breadth and the evolution of complex sociality. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts for taxa within three geographical regions, I found that in some cases, a broad diet breadth was associated with sociality and robbing.
机译:在没有提供互惠服务的情况下入侵其他消除奖励的物种会如何影响互惠主义者之间的互动?这些“骗子”的成本和收益与潜在互惠访客的成本和收益相比如何?最后,抢花蜜(一种作弊方式)是否通过允许蜜蜂获得更广泛的资源来促进复杂社会水平的演变?我在下面描述的研究中调查了这些问题。我发现,访问线性花足类(Bignoniaceae)的授粉者比访问未花类花的时间更少,并且没有像预期的那样频繁访问花。因此,抢劫似乎对拜访线虫Chilopsis linearis的传粉媒介有负面影响。我比较了花卉游客前往线性Chilopsis linearis(沙漠柳)的成本和收益。 Chilopsis有敏感的柱头,接触后立即闭合,以后可能会重新打开。我发现柱头重新开放的可能性取决于花粉颗粒的来源和数量。我根据访客所沉积的花粉粒数,所沉积的花粉生存力及其对柱头的影响来比较访客。花蜜劫匪没有通过花粉沉积使植物受益,但是他们也没有在没有沉积足够花粉的情况下造成柱头闭合而使植物不花钱。我调查了抢劫对传粉媒介行为和植物繁殖成功的影响。抢花的花蜜量低于未抢花的花蜜量。但是,最有效的传粉者大黄蜂并没有避免抢花。在调查雄性繁殖成功时,我发现在某些日子里,模仿花粉的染料离抢劫花朵的距离更远,这表明抢劫有时对植物有益。在调查女性繁殖成功率时,我发现抢劫花和未抢劫花的花粉管数量没有差异。因此,对一个互助主义者的消极影响可能不会影响另一个互助主义者。我假设蜜蜂抢劫的演变与广泛的饮食广度和复杂的社会关系的演变有关。通过使用在三个地理区域内的类群的系统发育独立对比,我发现在某些情况下,广泛的饮食范围与社交和抢劫有关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Richardson, Sarah Claire.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Entomology.; Biology Botany.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2001
  • 页码 172 p.
  • 总页数 172
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学(生物生态学);昆虫学;植物学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:47:13

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