Cerro Chepen and the Late Moche collapse in the Jequetepeque Valley, North Coast of Peru.

摘要

In this dissertation, I investigate the socio-political processes that led to the collapse of the Late Moche political communities located in the Lower Jequetepeque Valley, North Coast of Peru. During the Late Moche phase (AD 600 to 850), the human populations of this valley evidenced an interesting case of political fragmentation and internal conflict. The Moche collapse in the Jequetepeque Valley is approached from the perspective of one of the largest power centers of the region: the fortified site of Cerro Chepen. This site occupies the upper and eastern slopes of a hill, located in a relatively central position within this valley. The site is significant for presenting a sophisticated system of fortifications, and two clearly-defined occupation sectors (which I call Cerro Chepen Alto and Cerro Chepen Bajo). Of these two sectors, Cerro Chepen Alto distinguishes itself by occupying a dominant position on top of the hill, and by being surrounded by the most remarkable defenses. This sector houses up to nine monumental buildings. The four that occupy an advantageous, central position integrate architectural spaces of highland design.Three of these four central buildings were excavated to evaluate the hypothesis that they housed highland intruders. The assessment of the cultural identity of the buildings' occupants was based on two aspects of the process of materialization of ideology that is common to most complex societies -- namely, the design of monumental architecture and the style of prestige objects. The results of the architectural and fine ceramic analyses led me to conclude that the occupants of these structures came from sites located in the nearby highlands, possibly outliers related to the area of interaction of the ceremonial center of Marcahuamachuco. Paleoenvironmental data suggest that their arrival in the lower section of the valley coincided with a period of decreased rainfall in the highlands. The careful planning of the fortified redoubt suggests that the newcomers not only participated in the internal conflict that affected local communities, but possibly exacerbated existing tensions. The collapse would have arisen due to the tensions that are inherent to situations of internecine warfare.