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Characterization of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and their response to brook trout restoration in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

机译:大烟山国家公园水生大型无脊椎动物群落的特征及其对溪鳟恢复的响应。

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Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are the only salmonids native to eastern North America and the southern Appalachian strain has declined markedly since 1900. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) restored southern Appalachian brook trout to 2.7 km of LeConte Creek and stream habitat and aquatic macroinvertebrate populations were characterized within LeConte Creek as brook trout were restored. Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were also examined in two post-restoration brook trout streams and one rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) stream.; Resolution among stream communities, as assessed by discriminant analysis, increased when members of the family Chironomidae were identified to genus versus pooling them at the family-level. Therefore, all chironomids were identified to the genus-level. Samples collected from riffle habitat during September 1998 from LeConte Creek were used to investigate the identification of distinct stream “zones” based on shifts in aquatic insect community structure. No shifts in community structure were identified based on stream chemistry changes. However, a distinct change in large-scale habitat characteristics produced responses in aquatic insect communities. Functional feeding group representations indicated the large-scale habitat break corresponded to a change in functional characteristics of the stream community. The macroinvertebrate community within the stream containing rainbow trout was studied to detect temporal changes in functional characteristics, and it was determined that community function and structure did not change seasonally. However, differences were observed between seasons at the taxa density scale of community description. Evaluation of natural inter-annual variation in the aquatic macroinvertebrate community of the rainbow trout stream indicated that aquatic insect order densities and functional feeding group densities were similar between years within each season. Although taxa richness was similar between years, taxonomic composition and taxa density varied considerably. Analysis of data from all study streams indicated that no consistent or clear pattern existed within the macroinvertebrate community that could be attributed to brook trout restoration efforts. Therefore, results indicated that trout predation and brook trout restoration in GSMNP had no detectable effect on macroinvertebrate communities, or that natural inter-annual changes dilute any signal of trout effects on these macroinvertebrate communities.
机译:溪鳟( Salvelinus fontinalis )是北美东部唯一的鲑鱼,并且自1900年以来南部阿巴拉契亚菌株明显减少。大烟山国家公园(GSMNP)将南部南部阿巴拉契亚溪鳟恢复到2.7公里溪鳟恢复后,LeConte Creek的特征和溪流栖息地以及水生大型无脊椎动物种群得以表征。还研究了恢复后的两条溪鳟鱼流和一条虹鳟鱼( Oncorhynchus mykiss )流中的水生大型无脊椎动物群落。通过判别分析评估,当确定家庭尺Chi科的成员属于属时,而不是在家庭一级将其汇集起来,溪流社区中的分辨率会提高。因此,所有的尺虫都被鉴定到属水平。 1998年9月从LeConte Creek从浅滩栖息地收集的样本用于调查根据水生昆虫群落结构的变化来识别不同的河流“区域”。根据流化学变化,未发现群落结构发生变化。但是,大规模生境特征的明显变化在水生昆虫群落中产生了响应。功能性喂养小组的表述表明,大规模的栖息地破坏与河流群落功能特征的变化相对应。研究了含有虹鳟鱼的溪流中的大型无脊椎动物群落,以检测其功能特征的时间变化,并确定该群落的功能和结构没有季节性变化。但是,在社区描述的分类单元密度等级上观察到了季节之间的差异。对虹鳟鱼水生大型无脊椎动物群落中自然年际变化的评估表明,每个季节的年份之间,水生昆虫的种群密度和功能性摄食群密度相似。尽管各年间的分类单元丰富度相似,但分类学组成和分类单元密度差异很大。对所有研究数据的分析表明,在大型无脊椎动物群落中不存在一致或清晰的模式,这可归因于溪鳟的恢复。因此,结果表明,GSMNP中的鳟鱼捕食和溪鳟恢复对大型无脊椎动物群落没有可检测到的影响,或者自然的年际变化稀释了鳟鱼对这些大型无脊椎动物群落的影响的任何信号。

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