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The effects of human hunting on northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) migration and breeding distributions in the late Holocene.

机译:全新世晚期人类狩猎对北部海狗(Callorhinus ursinus)迁移和繁殖分布的影响。

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摘要

Northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) have figured prominently in archaeological and contemporary biological studies on the west coast of North America. Previous research indicates that major changes in fur seal biogeography have occurred within the past 100–300 years. This dissertation evaluates what role human hunting has had in causing these changes. Determining the extent, the timing, and the cause (or causes) of the changes in fur seal biogeography is directly relevant to a wide variety of archaeological and zoological studies that involve fur seal distributions during the late Holocene.; To do this, I develop variables with which to measure the age composition of fur seals being exploited, with particular emphasis on identifying the breeding distribution of fur seals. Analysis of archaeological fur seal skeletal material clearly indicates that the breeding distribution of fur seals was much more widespread than historically documented, with previously-unidentified rookeries in Alaska, and on or near the Washington coast. This breeding distribution appears to have been stable until the early historic period.; Because population-level effects of harvest pressure may have pre-dated changes in fur seal biogeography, I also measure individual growth rates of fur seals, which scale inversely with population density. Male fur seals from the Ozette assemblage tended to be smaller in any given age class than animals collected during the 20th century from the Pribilof Islands population. Although it cannot be determined if this size difference reflects a population level consistently at carrying capacity, or latitudinal differences in body size, the pattern is consistent throughout the Ozette sequence, indicating that prehistoric hunting did not significantly affect fur seal population levels over the time period examined.; The data examined here suggest that prehistoric exploitation of fur seals was sustainable, and that all of the biogeographic changes documented for fur seals were caused by the commercial fur trade. More generally, the research presented here adds a unique viewpoint to a long-standing debate regarding the propensity of humans to over-exploit their resource bases. The temporal sequences of fur seal exploitation presented here clearly indicate that over-exploitation is not a universal characteristic of subsistence economies.*; *This dissertation includes a CD that is compound (contains both a paper copy and CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following application: Adobe Acrobat.
机译:北部海狗( Callorhinus ursinus )在北美西海岸的考古和当代生物学研究中占有重要地位。先前的研究表明,在过去的100-300年中,海豹生物地理发生了重大变化。本文评估了人类狩猎在引起这些变化中所起的作用。确定海狗生物地理学变化的程度,时间和原因,与全新世晚期涉及海狗分布的各种考古学和动物学研究直接相关。为此,我开发了一些变量来衡量所开发的海狗的年龄组成,尤其着重于确定海狗的繁殖分布。对考古学的海狗骨骼材料的分析清楚地表明,海狗的繁殖分布比历史上记载的要广泛得多,以前在阿拉斯加以及华盛顿海岸或华盛顿海岸附近都有不明身份的群鸟。直到历史早期,这种繁殖分布似乎一直稳定。由于收获压力的种群水平影响可能在海豹生物地理学方面发生了提前的变化,因此,我还测量了海豹个体的生长速率,该速率与种群密度成反比。在任何给定年龄段,从厄泽特河组合的雄性海狗趋向于比20世纪从普里比洛夫群岛种群中收集的动物小。尽管无法确定这种大小差异是否能始终反映出人口承载能力上的种群水平,还是人体大小的纬度差异,但该模式在整个Ozette序列中都是一致的,这表明史前狩猎在这段时间内并未显着影响海狗种群水平检查。此处检查的数据表明,史前对海豹的利用是可持续的,并且有关海豹的所有生物地理变化都是由商业毛皮贸易引起的。更笼统地说,这里提出的研究为有关人类过度开发其资源基础的倾向的长期辩论增加了独特的见解。这里提出的海狗开发的时间序列清楚地表明,过度开发不是生存经济的普遍特征。 *本论文包括一张复合CD(该论文包含纸质副本和CD)。该CD需要以下应用程序:Adobe Acrobat。

著录项

  • 作者

    Etnier, Michael A.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Archaeology.; Paleoecology.; Biology Zoology.; Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 414 p.
  • 总页数 414
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 古人类学;古生物学;动物学;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:46:15

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