Introgression of wheat D-genome chromosomes into 'Presto' triticale and genetic and environmental effects on agronomic and end-use quality characteristics of diverse winter wheat genotypes.

摘要

Hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) (2n = 6x = 42, AABBRR) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) differ in their R and D genomes. An unanswered question is whether introgressions of the D-genome chromatin could improve triticale. Our objective was to determine optimal chromosomal make-up (the best A, B, D or R composition) for agronomic performance and end-use quality characteristics of ‘Presto’. We evaluated the effects of D-genome chromosome substitutions on agronomic performance and end-use quality of 16 substitution genotypes, their twelve controls for the substitutions, and five check cultivars at Lincoln, in 1996, 1997 and 1998 and at Mead in 1998. Most of the D-genome chromosomes in Presto reduced or had little effect on Presto's performance. As expected, chromosomes 1D and 6D introgressions improved end-use quality characteristics of Presto.; Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with short mixing times usually have low mixing tolerance values, which make them more sensitive to overmixing in commercial bread production. We evaluated the genotypic and environmental effects on agronomic performance and end-use quality of 27 genotypes which were identified in an initial screen as having short mixing times and good mixing tolerances to: (1) determine if genotypes identified in a preliminary end-use quality screen as lines with usually long tolerances but short mixing times were due to their genotype (G), the environment (E), or G x E, (2) as these results were unusual, determine whether or not our initial screen predicts end-use quality, and (3) to determine the stability of both agronomic and end-use quality traits. The genotypes were grown in nine environments. Environment, G, and G x E interaction effects were significant for most agronomic and end-use quality parameters. We identified four genotypes that had a good mixing tolerance value and relatively shorter mixing time, as did the released cultivars ‘Agate’ and ‘Scout 66’. Mixing tolerant genotypes were considered stable across environments.