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Rudolph Koenig (1832--1901), Hermann von Helmholtz (1821--1894) and the birth of modern acoustics.

机译:鲁道夫·科尼格(Rudolph Koenig)(1832--1901),赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹(Hermann von Helmholtz)(1821--1894)和现代声学的诞生。

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摘要

This thesis reconstructs the birth of modern acoustics through its research and teaching instruments. It opens with a biographical sketch of the main constructor of these instruments, Rudolph Koenig. Through Koenig's life we get a detailed case study of how an instrument maker and his instruments can help shape the development of a new science. We also obtain a portrait of one of the key participants in the famed precision instrument trade in nineteenth-century Paris. The second chapter describes the work of Hermann von Helmholtz and the conceptual and experimental development of acoustics between the years 1856 and 1863. Helmholtz revolutionised the study of sound by combining his knowledge of physics, mathematics and physiology into a novel theory of harmony. He also contributed a small number of ingenious instruments for testing these bold claims. The other half of Chapter Two considers the role Rudolph Koenig played in constructing, modifying and spreading Helmholtz's "reform of acoustics." He was more than a mere technician and a study of his instruments reveals that even early in his career he was making original contributions to the new acoustics. The third chapter details how his life as a craftsman of sound, his innovations with graphical instruments, and his exposure to the Parisian scientific scene helped to create his unique approach to acoustics. Later in his career Koenig would combine these influences to become the main critic of Helmholtz's theory. The final chapter examines the disputes that arose involving the nature of vowels, timbre and combination tones. It shows how, through Koenig's influence, these controversies came to centre on instruments, especially the tuning fork, the focus of Koenig's most important innovations. The study of these disputes reveals the tensions that arose between physics and psychology at the end of the nineteenth century.
机译:本文通过研究和教学手段,重构了现代声学的诞生。它以这些仪器的主要制造商鲁道夫·科尼希(Rudolph Koenig)的传记简介开头。在Koenig的一生中,我们获得了有关仪器制造商及其仪器如何帮助塑造新科学发展的详细案例研究。我们还获得了19世纪巴黎著名的精密仪器行业主要参与者之一的肖像。第二章描述了赫尔曼·冯·亥姆霍兹的工作以及1856年至1863年间声学的概念和实验发展。亥姆霍兹通过将他的物理学,数学和生理学知识结合成一种新颖的和声理论,彻底改变了声音研究。他还为检验这些大胆的主张提供了一些巧妙的工具。第二章的后半部分考虑了鲁道夫·科尼格(Rudolph Koenig)在构建,修改和传播亥姆霍兹的“声学改革”中所扮演的角色。他不仅仅是一名技术人员,而且对他的乐器的研究表明,即使在他的职业生涯早期,他仍在为新的声学做出独特的贡献。第三章详细介绍了他作为声音工匠的生活,他对图形乐器的创新以及对巴黎科学界的了解如何帮助他创建了独特的声学方法。在科涅格的职业生涯后期,他将这些影响结合起来,成为了亥姆霍兹理论的主要批评者。最后一章研究了元音,音色和组合音调的性质所引起的纠纷。它显示了如何通过Koenig的影响力将这些争议集中在乐器上,尤其是音叉,这是Koenig最重要的创新的焦点。对这些争端的研究揭示了十九世纪末物理学与心理学之间的紧张关系。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pantalony, David Alexander.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Toronto (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Toronto (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biography.; Music.; History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 传记;音乐;自然科学史;
  • 关键词

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