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Northern fur seal lactation, attendance and reproductive success in two years of contrasting oceanography.

机译:在与海洋学形成对比的两年中,北部海狗的泌乳,出勤和繁殖成功。

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摘要

The fitness of any individual, population or species in the evolutionary sense is ultimately determined by its reproductive success. To maximize reproductive success and fitness organisms must respond and adapt to biotic and abiotic factors in the environment. The Bering Sea ecosystem, in recent years, has undergone changes that appear to be in response to atmospheric anomalies. Some of these can influence hydrographic structure of the Bering Sea on very short time scales; others, such as winter temperatures, the extent of ice cover and the timing of its retreat in the spring have lasting effects on hydrography and productivity through the summer months when migrating marine mammals and seabirds rely on marine resources for reproduction. This study took place in 1995 and 1996, two years of very different physical oceanography on the eastern Bering Sea continental shelf throughout the range of foraging northern fur seals. Fatty acid signature analysis (FASA) was used to examine dietary shifts related to changes in physical oceanography, dive pattern and foraging location. I use female fur seal attendance patterns as a broad measure of offspring provisioning and measured pup growth rates, length of lactation, and mass at weaning. In 1995, a year in which the continental shelf was strongly stratified throughout most of the summer with a large "cold pool" below a relatively shallow thermocline, fur seals had longer trips to sea, shorter visits to shore, weaned their pups later at a lower mass. Trip durations in 1995 were also more variable and were longer in early lactation (July and August) for both St. Paul and St. George islands. The contrasting hydrography of the region in 1995 and 1996 affected prey distribution and availability to apex predators of the region and resulted in altered patterns of offspring provisioning and reproductive success.
机译:进化意义上的任何个体,种群或物种的适应性最终取决于其繁殖成功。为了使生殖成功最大化,适应性有机体必须对环境中的生物和非生物因素做出反应并做出适应。近年来,白令海生态系统发生了变化,似乎是对大气异常的响应。其中一些可以在很短的时间内影响白令海的水文结构。其他因素,例如冬天的温度,冰的覆盖范围及其在春季的退缩时间,则对夏季的水文学和生产力产生了持久的影响,整个夏季,海洋哺乳动物和海鸟的迁移都依赖海洋资源进行繁殖。这项研究是在1995年和1996年进行的,这是两年间在白令海东部大陆架上进行了非常不同的物理海洋学研究,遍及北部海狗觅食的范围。脂肪酸特征分析(FASA)用于检查与物理海洋学,潜水模式和觅食位置变化有关的饮食变化。我使用雌性海狗的出勤模式作为后代供应的广泛量度,并测量了幼崽的生长速度,哺乳期和断奶时的体重。在1995年,整个夏季的大部分时间里,大陆架都被强烈地分层了,在一个相对较浅的温跃层之下,有一个大的“冷水池”,海狗到海边旅行的时间更长,到岸上的旅行时间较短,后来它们的幼仔断奶了。质量较低。 1995年,圣保罗岛和圣乔治岛的出行时间也变化较大,在哺乳初期(7月和8月)更长。该地区1995年和1996年的水文形成鲜明对比,影响了该地区先端捕食者的猎物分布和供应,并导致后代供应方式和生殖成功发生了变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Goebel, Michael Edward.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Cruz.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Cruz.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.; Biology Animal Physiology.; Biology Molecular.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 页码 213 p.
  • 总页数 213
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生态学(生物生态学);生理学;分子遗传学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:46:01

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