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Space use patterns of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in the high Arctic.

机译:北极高地独角鲸(Monodon monoceros)的空间利用模式。

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Movements and diving behavior of narwhals (Monodon monoceros ) were examined using satellite-linked time depth recorders deployed on three sub-populations in Canada and West Greenland. Spatial models were used to link satellite telemetry to static and dynamic environmental parameters and elucidate foraging behavior, seasonal ecological relationships, and vulnerability to climate change. Linear mixed effect models, examining time allocation and dive depths during a 5-month winter period, revealed significant differences between whales occupying two distinct wintering grounds in Baffin Bay. Narwhals occupying a northern wintering ground spent most of their time between 200–400 m (25 dives/day, SE 3) and narwhals in a southern wintering ground spent most of their time at depths >800 m (16 dives/day, SE 1). The spatial overlap between narwhal wintering grounds (95% kernel area use) and the abundance and biomass of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) suggested lower halibut densities and skewed length frequencies in areas occupied by narwhals. Evidence of heavy predation during the winter period followed well with stomach contents examined from narwhals taken during a winter harvest and predicted prey consumption estimated by a bioenergetic model. Increasing trends in sea ice were detected in wintering grounds in Baffin Bay, suggesting a reduced amount of open water available to whales and potential for lethal ice entrapments. Daily locations were linked to bottom depth, slope, distance from the coast, and bottom temperature and movement paths were quantified using the fractal measure of complexity. Strong seasonal habitat selection was apparent and results suggested possible local variation between the wintering grounds. The use of location and diving data collected from satellite telemetry provided sufficient information for a detailed examination of seasonal behavioral changes, resource selection, and effects of predation by separate assemblages of narwhals in the Baffin Bay ecosystem.
机译:使用部署在加拿大和西格陵兰的三个亚群的卫星链接时间深度记录仪检查了独角鲸( Monodon monoceros )的运动和潜水行为。使用空间模型将卫星遥测与静态和动态环境参数关联起来,阐明了觅食行为,季节性生态关系以及对气候变化的脆弱性。线性混合效应模型检查了冬季5个月期间的时间分配和潜水深度,发现在巴芬湾占据着两个不同越冬场的鲸鱼之间存在显着差异。占据北部越冬地的独角鲸大部分时间都在200-400 m(SE 3,每天25次潜水,每天)之间,而处于南部越冬地的独角鲸,其大部分时间都在深度大于800 m(SE 1,每天16次潜水)中。 )。独角鲸越冬地(95%的内核面积使用)与格陵兰大比目鱼( Reinhardtius hippoglossoides )的丰度和生物量之间的空间重叠表明,独角鲸所占区域的大比目鱼密度较低,且长度频率偏斜。冬季有大量捕食的证据,随后从冬季收获期间采集的独角鲸检查了胃内容物,并通过生物能模型估算了预测的猎物消耗。在巴芬湾的越冬地中发现海冰的趋势在增加,这表明鲸鱼可利用的开放水量减少,并且有可能造成致命的冰ice。日常位置与底部深度,坡度,距海岸的距离以及底部温度和移动路径相关联,使用复杂度的分形度量进行量化。强烈的季节性栖息地选择很明显,结果表明越冬地之间可能存在局部差异。从卫星遥测收集的位置和潜水数据的使用,为详细研究季节性行为变化,资源选择以及由巴芬湾生态系统中的独角鲸组成的捕食效应提供了足够的信息。

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