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A scientific way of war: Antebellum military science, West Point, and the origins of American military thought.

机译:科学的战争方式:战前军事科学,西点军校以及美国军事思想的起源。

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摘要

This dissertation examines what constituted 19th century American military science, why it was framed within government policy and taught within the United States Military Academy, and how it became the early American way of war. The work uses as evidence a wide array of documents including biographical records of 2046 West Point graduates. It commences by explaining how military science has been reduced to near oblivion by two revisionist schools, the first regarding the lack of military professionalism in the antebellum army, and the second regarding how Swiss military theorist Antoine Jomini held a stranglehold over antebellum military thought. This dissertation challenges these interpretations. It tracks the evolution of military science from Enlightenment Europe to the United States during American Revolution and its relative obscurity until after the War of 1812. It then explains why a deliberate decision was made to transplant a French Napoleonic version of military science to serve as the curriculum of the military academy and to support the formulation of a national defence policy that called for militarized coastal frontiers and an "expansible army." The work then follows how and why military science was modified during the period 1820-1860 in response to changes to the threats to the United States, changes related to state and federal plans for "internal improvements," Indian wars, westward expansion, war with Mexico, and advances in military technology. Specifically it tracks how the doctrine of military science expanded from the teaching of specific Napoleonic applications to embrace subjects needed for war in North America. Inculcation in this American military science eventually came to provide the army with an officer corps that shared a common all-arms doctrine and common skill in using mathematics for military problem-solving. The majority of long-service graduates went on to spend years of their career fulfilling general staff, engineering, or academy instructor duties. The proliferation of military science through their work, and through published texts available to state volunteers, ensured that on the eve of the Civil War there existed a distinctly American, and scientific, way of war.
机译:本文探讨了构成19世纪美国军事科学的内容,为何将其纳入政府政策范围内并在美国军事学院内进行授课,以及它如何成为美国早期的战争方式。该作品使用了各种各样的文件作为证据,其中包括2046名西点大学毕业生的传记。首先,它解释了两个修正主义流派如何将军事科学简化为几乎被遗忘的情况,第一个流派是关于前战军缺乏军事专业化的观点,第二个是关于瑞士军事理论家安托万·乔米尼(Antoine Jomini)如何对战前的军事思想束手无策。本文对这些解释提出了挑战。它追踪了美国大革命期间军事科学从启蒙运动欧洲到美国的演变及其相对模糊的历史,直到1812年战争之后。然后它解释了为什么有意决定移植法国拿破仑式的军事科学作为军事军事学院的课程,并支持国防政策的制定,该政策要求军事化沿海地区和“可扩充的军队”。然后,研究工作遵循1820年至1860年期间如何修改军事科学以及为何修改军事科学,以应对对美国的威胁,与州和联邦“内部改善”计划,印度战争,向西扩张,墨西哥,军事技术的进步。具体来说,它追踪军事科学学说如何从特定的拿破仑式应用教学扩展到涵盖北美战争所需的学科。美国军事科学的灌输最终是为军队提供了一个军官团,这些军官具有使用数学方法解决军事问题的共同的所有武器学说和共同的技能。大多数长期服务的毕业生继续从事多年的职业,以履行一般员工,工程或学院教官的职责。军事科学通过他们的工作以及国家志愿人员可获得的公开文本的泛滥,确保了在内战前夕存在着一种明显的美国科学战争方式。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hope, Ian Clarence.;

  • 作者单位

    Queen's University (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Queen's University (Canada).;
  • 学科 History Military.;History United States.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 472 p.
  • 总页数 472
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:44:59

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