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Analysis of indoor and outdoor particulate matter at various residences in the El Paso region.

机译:分析埃尔帕索地区各种住所的室内和室外颗粒物。

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摘要

This thesis is a presentation of particulate matter data collected from February 2007 to June 2008. Personal environment monitors (PEM), which measured 7-day PM2.5 concentrations, had been deployed at 14 homes during the 2007 year and deployed in 16 different homes during the 2008 sampling year. Within each sampling year, sampling occurred for two one-week (7-day) periods during each season. In addition to PEM sampling, a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) continuous sampler had been deployed in both indoors and outdoors at one pre-selected household per week. Gravimetric, chemical, and black carbon analysis had been performed on the PEM PM 2.5 filters while time-series plots of the TEOM PM10 and PM2.5 data were constructed to extract diurnal patterns from the data. Results from the TEOM data affirm the purported existence of a strong diurnal patter in particulate matter observations in the El Paso region.;Strong increases in particulate matter were seen, on average, between the hours of 06:00 and 10:00 (morning) and once again in the evening from 16:00 to 20:00. Of the TEOM data, the mean outdoor and indoor PM2.5 concentrations were found to be 23.9 microg/m3 and 17.8 microg/m 3, while the mean outdoor and indoor PM10 concentrations were found to be 27.3 microg/m3 and 18.0 microg/m 3, respectively. Mean outdoor and indoor TEOM PM2.5 concentrations were found to be, on average, greater during the summer seasons. The mean TEOM outdoor PM10 was also found to be greater during the summer seasons over the winter seasons, while the mean indoor PM10 TEOM concentration was found to be only slightly greater during the winter seasons over the summer seasons. Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratios for PM10 for all TEOM sampling locations during the entire study period were found to be greater, on average, than (I/O) ratios for PM2.5 with values of 1.15 and 1.05, respectively.;A mean PM2.5 concentration of 19.8 microg/m3 was seen in the PEM indoor samples collected at all locations during the entire study period, while the mean winter concentration 22.9 microg/m3 was shown to be much higher than the mean summer concentration 16.8 microg/m3. Results of an EDXRF analysis found that geologic elements (Al, Si, Ca, Fe, Ti, and K) were found to compose a majority of the total PM2.5 mass at 17.4%, while toxic trace elements (Cu, Cr, As, Cd, and Pb) were found to compose only 0.19% of the total PM2.5 mass. All analyzed elements (Sigma Elements) were found to compose, on average, 24% of the total PM2.5 mass collected using the PEM sampler. The mean black carbon (BC) concentration on the PEM filters for the entire study period was found to be 0.30 microg/m3; BC concentrations were also found to be higher during the winter seasons, 0.38 microg/m 3, than the summer seasons, 0.21 microg/m3. Black carbon was also found to compose, on average, 1.8% of the total PM2.5 mass.;Principle components analysis (PCA) was conducted on the EDXRF data and presented four primary components within the elemental data. The first component included Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sr, Ti, and V, while the second component included Cr, Ga, Mo, and Ni. The third component consists of As, Rh, and Te, while the final component was composed of what is believed to be salt (Na and Cl). The first component, composed of mostly geologic material, composed the greatest majority of elements found in the total PM mass, while the other components were mostly hypothesized to be related to industrial release in the area.
机译:本文介绍了从2007年2月到2008年6月收集的颗粒物数据。个人环境监测器(PEM)测量了7天的PM2.5浓度,在2007年期间已部署在14个家庭中,并部署在16个不同的家庭中在2008采样年。在每个采样年内,每个季节进行两个为期一周(七天)的采样。除PEM采样外,每周还在一个预先选定的家庭中,在室内和室外均部署了锥形元素振荡微量天平(TEOM)连续采样器。在PEM PM 2.5过滤器上进行了重量分析,化学分析和黑碳分析,同时构建了TEOM PM10和PM2.5数据的时间序列图以从数据中提取昼夜模式。 TEOM数据的结果证实在El Paso地区的颗粒物观测中据称存在强烈的昼夜模式。平均而言,在06:00至10:00(早晨)之间,颗粒物的强烈增加晚上从16:00到20:00再一次。在TEOM数据中,室外和室内PM2.5的平均浓度分别为23.9 microg / m3和17.8 microg / m 3,而室外和室内PM10的平均浓度为27.3 microg / m3和18.0 microg / m 3,分别。在夏季,平均室外和室内TEOM PM2.5浓度平均更高。在冬季,夏季期间,TEOM室外PM10的平均含量也较高,而在冬季,夏季期间室内PM10 TEOM的平均浓度仅稍高。研究发现,在整个研究期间,所有TEOM采样位置的PM10的室内/室外(I / O)比率平均高于PM2.5的(I / O)比率,分别为1.15和1.05。 ;在整个研究期间,在所有地点采集的PEM室内样品中发现的PM2.5平均浓度为19.8 microg / m3,而冬季的平均浓度为22.9 microg / m3,远高于夏季的平均浓度16.8。微克/立方米。 EDXRF分析的结果发现,发现地质元素(Al,Si,Ca,Fe,Ti和K)占PM2.5总质量的大部分,为17.4%,而有毒的微量元素(Cu,Cr,As ,Cd和Pb)仅占总PM2.5质量的0.19%。发现所有分析元素(Sigma Elements)平均构成使用PEM采样器收集的PM2.5总量的24%。在整个研究期间,PEM过滤器上的平均黑碳(BC)浓度为0.30 microg / m3;还发现冬季的BC浓度较高,为0.38 microg / m 3,而夏季则为0.21 microg / m3。还发现黑碳平均占总PM2.5质量的1.8%。;对EDXRF数据进行了主要成分分析(PCA),并在元素数据中给出了四个主要成分。第一组分包括Al,Ba,Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Mn,Pb,Sr,Ti和V,而第二组分包括Cr,Ga,Mo和Ni。第三个成分由As,Rh和Te组成,而最后一个成分则由盐(Na和Cl)组成。第一个成分主要由地质材料组成,占总PM总量中的绝大部分元素,而其他成分则大多被认为与该地区的工业释放有关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Pinon, Joseph C.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at El Paso.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at El Paso.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 M.S.En.E.
  • 年度 2011
  • 页码 247 p.
  • 总页数 247
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;
  • 关键词

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