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Measuring implicit attitudes and stereotypes: Increasing internal consistency reveals the convergent validity of IAT and priming measures.

机译:衡量内隐的态度和定型观念:内部一致性的提高揭示了IAT和启动措施的收敛有效性。

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Implicit measures in social psychology were developed to assess automatic associations between social categories and attributes. Tests designed to measure the same implicit associations should correlate, but relations among these measures can be attenuated by sub-optimal measurement reliability. Therefore, techniques that adjust for measurement error are needed to test the convergent validity of these measures. Five experiments examined the internal consistency (reliability), convergent validity, and effect sizes of three latency-based implicit measures: the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and two types of priming methods, category priming (CP) and its variant response-window priming (RW-CP); these tasks were designed to measure age attitudes in Experiments 1 (a and b) and 2, and gender stereotypes in Experiments 3 and 4. In Experiments 1a and 1b, raw correlations among IAT, CP and RW-CP measures of age attitudes were small (rs ≤ .21), but the priming measures also had low internal consistency (αs .3). Experiments 24 examined modifications to priming procedures that increased the salience of social categories (i.e., young and old age categories in Experiment 2 and male and female gender categories in Experiments 3 and 4). These modifications—which included treating exemplars of social categories (i.e., age, gender) as categorized targets (rather than primes), use of special instructions drawing attention to category primes, and manipulation of time intervals between primes and targets to increase visibility of category primes—were found in some cases to increase priming effect sizes, internal consistency, sensitivity to known-group differences, and convergence with related measures. Across experiments, IAT effects were larger, had greater internal consistency (αs ≥ .7), and were more sensitive to known-group effects than the two priming measures. Strong correlations among the three measures emerged (confirming their convergent validity), especially when categories were salient and confirmatory factor analysis was used to correct for measurement error. Experiment 4 also demonstrated the discriminant validity of the implicit measures by showing that they tapped constructs that were distinct from explicit measures. Results supported the construct validity of IAT and priming measures, but also indicated that researchers must take steps to improve the reliability of priming measures to increase their utility.
机译:开发了社会心理学中的隐式度量来评估社会类别和属性之间的自动关联。设计用来测量相同隐式关联的测试应该相互关联,但是这些度量之间的关系会因次优的测量可靠性而减弱。因此,需要针对测量误差进行调整的技术来测试这些措施的收敛有效性。五个实验检查了三种基于潜伏时间的隐式度量的内部一致性(可靠性),收敛效度和效应大小:隐式关联测试(IAT)和两种类型的启动方法:类别启动(CP)及其变体响应窗口启动(RW-CP);这些任务旨在测量实验1(a和b)和2中的年龄态度,以及实验3和4中的性别刻板印象。在实验1a和1b中,IAT,CP和RW-CP年龄态度量度之间的原始相关性很小。 ( r s≤.21),但启动措施的内部一致性也很低(αs<.3)。实验24研究了对启动程序的修改,这些修改增加了社交类别(即,实验2中的年轻 old 年龄类别以及男性和<实验3和4中的italic> female 性别类别)。这些修改包括将社会类别的示例(即年龄,性别)视为分类的目标(而不是素数),使用特殊指令提请注意素数,并操纵素数和目标之间的时间间隔以提高分类的可见性引发-在某些情况下会增加引发效应的大小,内部一致性,对已知群体差异的敏感性以及与相关措施的融合。在整个实验中,与两种启动措施相比,IAT效应更大,内部一致性更大(αs≥.7),并且对已知组的效应更敏感。这三种度量之间出现了很强的相关性(确认它们的收敛有效性),尤其是当类别显着并且使用确认性因子分析来纠正测量误差时。实验4还通过表明隐式量度利用了与显式量度不同的构造,证明了判别式的有效性。结果支持IAT和启动措施的构造效度,但也表明研究人员必须采取措施提高启动措施的可靠性,以提高其效用。

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