Advertising effects of beer consumption among young adults with a consideration of the welfare effects of advertising in the presence of search costs and negative externalities.

摘要

This dissertation consists of three essays. Two are empirical and one is theoretical. The empirical papers consider the relationship between advertising and beer consumption by young adults. The first empirical paper (Chapter 1) evaluates the effect of advertising, demographics and the Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) regulation on U.S. beer demand. We use the fact that numerous differences existed in the MLDA across states to analyze the effect of the minimum drinking age on the beer consumption. The second empirical paper (Chapter 3) analyzes the hypothesis that alcohol and cigarettes are complements and studies the effect of advertising, cigarettes consumption and government regulations on beer consumption by youth. What is common in the empirical papers is that both investigate the effect of alcohol advertising on alcohol consumption. We use time series market-level data to estimate the effect of advertising and demographic variables on the market demand for beer.1;The theoretical essay in this dissertation (Chapter 2) concentrates on the effect of advertising on welfare in the presence of search costs and negative externalities. It is possible that advertising will be oversupplied if it generates negative externalities. However, under some circumstances advertising can theoretically still be below the socially optimal level even in the presence of negative externalities. We explore those conditions.;1If advertising is perfectly predatory, i.e., it rearranges market share but does not increase market demand, then advertising may be statistically insignificant, whereas advertising might be significant if I used firm-level data.