24 GHz integrated differential antennas in digital bulk silicon.

摘要

In this thesis integrated antennas are investigated with an aim towards balanced-mode receiver front-end implementations in the 24 GHz ISM band. These antennas are realized on a silicon chip with a standard fabrication process, thus making them compact and low cost.; The goal of this thesis is to study the conditions under which standard Si technology can yield efficient ISM band antennas for air transmission. In order to test these differential dipole antennas, integrated balun structures have been implemented and completely characterized. A simple de-embedding technique is developed and verified to extract differential antenna impedance from single ended S-parameters of the dipole plus balun structure. A gain calibration technique is devised to estimate antenna gain on lossy Si substrate.; Measurements of various dipole dimensions on different substrates have been performed to establish the trade-offs between these parameters and achievable antenna performance in terms of impedance and gain. Also, based on the simulation and experimental results, some design guidelines are established along with a methodology and CAD strategy to predict antenna performance on various resistivity substrates. The antenna impedance in the range of 25--100 Ω and gain values from -11 dBi to -2 dBi have been achieved for different antenna geometries, indicating great design flexibility and potential to integrate these antennas into current VLSI technology for wireless communication.