Elements d'analyse et de planification du transport en commun en lointaine banlieue de Montreal.

摘要

In the distant suburbs, the modal split of public transit stays below 10% and the pressure of urban sprawl questions the notion of accessibility. The need of planning and restructuring the transit system has thus become complex but necessary. However, few studies have already analyzed the distant suburbs with the same level of precision and structure as one can find in urban centers analyses. Even the classic metropolitan origin-destination surveys lack data to enable precise simulations on the transit network. So the CITL (Conseil Intermunicipal de Transport des Laurentides) example is worth studying, due to its geography and the datasets it offers. The aim is to build a relevant methodological approach to describe this peculiar environment.;Several tools are built to develop this approach. Their goal is to clarify the following issues: describing the variability of the demand thanks to fare collection data; using the on-board survey to portray the transit demand; studying the relationship in space and time between a population and its territory with the latest road network and census data; characterizing the design of the bus network. The originality of this research paper is to adapt disaggregate transit analysis tools to this new context and to its data sets.;Facing these issues, this research paper presents the opportunity to study a transit network of distant suburbs, and to characterize it in its very uniqueness compared to an urban network. Within this framework, this research paper focuses on the datasets, their mutual enrichment and their confrontation. Then, a spatial study of the densities and the street network on their most accurate level describes the evolving environment of transit. This description comes along with a demographic segmentation of the residents. The current state of service supply has been represented spatially and hierarchically. Some statistical analysis of the demand variability is held. To get further with the transit demand, it has been demographically segmented, the main trip generators have been highlighted, access to bus stops has been studied, and network consumption has been derived.;Those different elements of analysis bring some light on this reticular environment composed of urbanized niches surrounded by rural lands and structured around heavy transportation facilities. With such a background, the transit supply has been developed as a combination of a converging network, served by a few vehicles along its routes, and a regional network inherited from the former interurban bus lines, with a more intense service. In distant suburbs, transit is mostly directed toward a young clientele of students between 15 and 24 years old. In fact, transit makes the link between school bus and private car. So the market penetration of transit targets a very thin window, with the exception of an older clientele which comes from less urbanized centers of the area.