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The Limits of Liberty: African Americans, Indians, and Peons in the Texas-Mexico Borderlands, 1820--1860.

机译:自由的极限:德州-墨西哥边境地区的非洲裔美国人,印第安人和牡丹,1820--1860年。

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摘要

In the decades surrounding the U.S.-Mexico war, the borderlands of Texas and Northeastern Mexico teemed with mobile peoples crossing to the other side in search of better working and living conditions. While these migrants authored virtually no written sources, they left their mark in other ways. They employed one of the few resources available to them--mobility--to pioneer alternative routes across the borderlands. Runaway slaves who sought freedom in Mexico, Mexican indebted laborers who sought liberal working conditions in Texas, and Native Americans who hoped to assert their cultural autonomy blazed routes across the Rio Grande/Bravo. But once they reached their destinations, the insecurity of conditions on the ground put very real limits on their liberty. For one thing, in the absence of more regular diplomatic options, Texan regulars and volunteers kept up constant military pressure on Mexico to return runaway slaves and punish errant Indians. For another, the poverty of the Mexican frontier and the inability of commanders to meet the challenges of the Texans and the needs of the migrants added to the insecurity. Meanwhile, Native tribes who immigrated to Mexico found that the inhabitants of the Mexican North thought of them no differently than the Comanches with whom they were at war. The situation was not much improved for the migrants who charted the opposite trajectory, escaping debt peonage in Mexico to find more liberal working conditions in Texas. Mexicans who failed to replicate the racism of West Texas often found their lives hemmed in by violence. Most threatening of all to these people "in-between," however, was the prospect of international cooperation between the United States and Mexico, both of whom sought to assert their sovereignty over the borderlands in the 1850s. Nevertheless, mobile peoples forced Northern Mexican officials to take a stand against slavery and racism, and the experience of peons in Texas nudged Mexicans towards embracing free labor. In the final analysis, border-crossers had a significant impact not only on the meaning of the borderlands, but also on the understanding that Northern Mexicans and Texans had of themselves, their societies, and their respective nations.
机译:在围绕美墨战争的几十年中,得克萨斯州和墨西哥东北部的边境地区到处都是流动人口,他们越过另一端寻求更好的工作和生活条件。尽管这些移民几乎没有撰写任何书面资料,但他们以其他方式留下了自己的印记。他们利用了为他们提供的为数不多的资源之一-机动性-开辟了穿越边境的替代路线。逃亡的奴隶在墨西哥寻求自由,墨西哥负债累累的劳工在得克萨斯州寻求自由的工作条件,以及希望维持其文化自治的美洲原住民开拓了跨越里奥格兰德/布拉沃的道路。但是,一旦他们到达目的地,当地条件的不安全感就会对他们的自由构成真正的限制。一方面,在没有更多常规外交选择的情况下,得克萨斯州的常规人员和志愿者不断对墨西哥施加军事压力,要求其返回失控的奴隶并惩罚错误的印第安人。另一方面,墨西哥边境的贫困和指挥官无法应对德州人的挑战以及移民的需求加剧了不安全感。同时,移民到墨西哥的土著部落发现,墨西哥北部的居民对他们的想法与与之作战的科曼奇人并无不同。对于那些绘制相反轨迹,逃避墨西哥债务拖欠以在得克萨斯州找到更自由的工作条件的移民来说,情况并没有太大改善。墨西哥人未能复制西德克萨斯州的种族主义,常常发现自己的生活因暴力而陷入困境。然而,“中间”对这些人的最大威胁是美国和墨西哥之间国际合作的前景,这两个国家都试图在1850年代维护对边境地区的主权。然而,流动民族迫使北墨西哥官员对奴隶制和种族主义采取立场,得克萨斯州的牡丹现象促使墨西哥人开始拥护自由劳动。归根结底,过境者不仅对边境地区的意义产生了重大影响,而且对北墨西哥人和德克萨斯人拥有自己,他们的社会和各自国家的理解也产生了重大影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nichols, James David.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
  • 学科 History United States.;History Latin American.;Political Science International Law and Relations.;Native American Studies.;Black Studies.;African American Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 329 p.
  • 总页数 329
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:43:43

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