Decision support system for economic evaluation and optimization of water resources systems (Spanish text).

摘要

In last decades the water problems have been increased around the world. The causes of this process are well-known: fresh water is a finite and vulnerable resource, there is a sustained increment of the use on the part of human society, the polluting pressures have been increased and the climate change effects are being felt with more intensity.; This increasing of water shortage, produces are necessity of new management approach, substituting traditional approach. These new approaches should deal with shortages in a rational and sustainable way. Since it is not a sporadic drought event, but it is a structural situation where it is necessary to coexist from now on. The main idea is to incorporate the economic point of view and approaches, in order to manage and plan the water resources use.; In this work two computer programs are presented to carry out economic analysis in any basin or water resources systems, and they work in DSS AQUATOOL.; The first program, EcoGes, carries out the raw water assignment in an economical and efficient way, with market criteria. EcoGes includes hydrology data, physical constraints, and the transfer costs or user disposition to pay by using water. So, allow to distribute the resource between users throughout the time. Internally a separable nonlinear function of net benefit in a flow network is optimized.; The second program, MEvalGes, carries out multiple economic evaluations---with the same dates previous---is used to obtain economic indicators. These allow detecting economic inefficient situations in the current use of water resources. This in necessary to undertake correcting measures. In this case the value of water doesn't determine the assignment.; Also have been necessary to review and the methodologies of water valuation in different uses. And apply these to get the demand curve for different uses in the Jucar basin.; Both programs are been successfully applied for the cases the Spanish National Hydrological Plan and Jucar River basin. The results are particularly useful for the economic analysis required by European WFD, in the determination of water cost and the environmental cost of assignment restrictions.