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I. There is chemistry in the air: Direct evidence for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in the air. II. Synthesis and applications of retinoids.

机译:I.空气中存在化学物质:空气中形成碳-碳键的直接证据。二。类维生素A的合成和应用。

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摘要

Organic reactions have been long studied in organic solvents. Due to the recent increasing environmental concerns, more and more studies are focused on using "green" solvents such as water or solvent-free mixtures. We are introducing a new process, involving carbon-carbon bond formation in the air, which we term. "chemistry in the air.";Direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spec is used to test product formation in the air. We have successfully demonstrated the first aldol reaction, the first Diels-Alder reaction and the first click chemistry reaction in air. Understanding chemical reactions should no longer be limited to solution chemistry, and solvent-free reactions, but should also include the concept of gas phase organic reactions.;In the second project, a new type of retinoid with essentially two aldehyde side arms branching from C-12 was designed and synthesized. We choose the name EZ-retino-dial for our new structure. This may be the first pigment that can activate the G-protein without the need for other retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell enzymes that generally to reisomerize the all- trans chromophore back to 11-cis-retinal. This may in fact open novel pathways for the study of vision and, potentially, treatment of visual problems.;The synthesis of retinoids generally involves numerous challenging steps. Retinoids are not only sensitive to light, but also sensitive to mild acidic or oxidizing conditions. There have been no attempts reported in which the opsin, these sensitive molecules "natural home," is used as a mold and catalyst to generate different types of retinoids. Therefore, we proposed to explore this area through the investigation of the amino acid residues lining the retinal binding pocket in opsin to obtain retinoids in one or two steps.;The proline-catalyzed aldol reactions have been well studied both experimentally and theoretically. We investigated bis-proline molecules as catalysts to generate different retinoids due to their potential similarity in functionality to opsin and their relative ease to be obtained and synthesized. A few bi-functional bis-proline catalysts were designed and one example was synthesized.
机译:在有机溶剂中对有机反应进行了长期的研究。由于最近对环境的关注日益增加,越来越多的研究集中在使用“绿色”溶剂(例如水或无溶剂混合物)上。我们正在引入一种新的过程,涉及在空气中形成碳-碳键的过程。 “空气中的化学物质”。实时直接分析(DART)质谱用于测试空气中的产品形成。我们已经成功地证明了空气中的第一个羟醛反应,第一个Diels-Alder反应和第一个点击化学反应。了解化学反应不应再局限于溶液化学和无溶剂反应,而应包括气相有机反应的概念。;在第二个项目中,一种新型的类维生素A,其基本上具有两个从C分支的醛侧臂设计并合成了-12。我们为新结构选择名称EZ-retino-dial。这可能是第一种可以激活G蛋白的色素,不需要其他视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞酶,这些酶通常可以将全反式生色团重新异构化回11-顺-视网膜。实际上,这可能为研究视觉以及潜在地治疗视觉问题开辟了新的途径。类视黄醇的合成通常涉及许多挑战性步骤。类维生素A不仅对光敏感,而且对温和的酸性或氧化条件敏感。没有尝试将视蛋白,这些敏感分子“天然家”,用作产生不同类型类维生素A的模具和催化剂的尝试。因此,我们建议通过一两个步骤研究视蛋白中视网膜结合袋内的氨基酸残基,以获得类维生素A,以探索这一领域。脯氨酸催化的羟醛反应已在实验和理论上进行了深入研究。我们研究了双脯氨酸分子作为催化剂来生成不同的类维生素A,因为它们与视蛋白的功能性潜在相似性,并且相对容易获得和合成。设计了几种双功能双脯氨酸催化剂,并合成了一个实例。

著录项

  • 作者

    Guo, Rui.;

  • 作者单位

    Florida Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Florida Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Chemistry Organic.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 197 p.
  • 总页数 197
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农学(农艺学);
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:36:47

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