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Antimicrobial therapy of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections.

机译:持续性无浆膜边缘感染的抗菌治疗。

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摘要

Anaplasma marginale is one of the most prevalent tick-borne pathogens of cattle worldwide. Cattle that recover from acute anaplasmosis become carriers in which low or microscopically undetectable A. marginale rickettsemia persists. There are currently no antimicrobials approved for elimination of persistent infections. In this report we tested the efficacy of various antimicrobial treatment regimens to clear persistent A. marginale infections. In the first study, administration of oxytetracycline at 30 mg/kg, intramuscularly (IM) once or twice 5 days apart was not effective for elimination of the persistent infections. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the current recommended OIE treatment protocol of 5 injections of oxytetracycline administered at 22 mg/kg intravenously (IV) was also ineffective. In the second study we used flow cytometric analysis to evaluate the effect of antimicrobials against A. marginale in short-term whole erythrocyte cultures. Enrofloxacin inhibited A. marginale in a concentration dependent manner, while higher concentrations of imidocarb were less effective in reducing the number of viable organisms. Oxytetracycline was found to be the least efficacious antimicrobial in this culture system. Cultures of erythrocytes infected with the Oklahoma isolate exposed to 4.0 mug/ml enrofloxacin and those of the Virginia and Oklahoma isolates exposed to 1.0 mug/ml appeared to be sterilized. Cultures exposed to 16 mug/ml oxytetracycline were not sterilized. As a result of these data we tested the efficacy of enrofloxacin (BaytrilRTM100, Bayer Animal Health) against severe experimental A. marginale infections in splenectomized calves. These data indicate that enrofloxacin administered at 12.5 mg/kg twice, 48 hours apart ameliorates, but does not clear, A. marginale infection in splenectomized calves. Finally we compared the efficacy of enrofloxacin, imidocarb and oxytetracycline against persistent Anaplasma marginale infections. The results suggest that apparent clearance of persistent infections occurred in one calf treated with imidocarb dipropionate at 5 mg/kg administered IM twice, 7 days apart, and one calf treated with oxytetracycline administered at 22 mg/kg g24h for 5 days. No calves treated with 5 mg/kg intravenous enrofloxacin for 5 days were cleared. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether dose regimens can be identified to reliably eliminate persistent A. marginale infections.
机译:边缘无浆膜是全世界牛中最普遍的tick传播病原体之一。从急性厌氧菌病中恢复的牛成为低水平或在显微镜下无法检测到的角margin立克次体病持续存在的载体。目前尚无批准用于消除持久性感染的抗菌剂。在本报告中,我们测试了各种抗菌治疗方案清除持续性A.marginale感染的功效。在第一个研究中,每隔5天一次或两次肌肉注射(IM)30 mg / kg土霉素,不能有效消除持久性感染。此外,该研究表明,当前推荐的以5 mg静脉注射22 mg / kg静脉注射(IV)注射的土霉素的OIE治疗方案也是无效的。在第二项研究中,我们使用流式细胞仪分析来评估抗菌剂对短期全红细胞培养中对拟南芥的抗药性。恩诺沙星以浓度依赖性的方式抑制边缘农杆菌,而较高浓度的亚氨基卡威在减少活菌数量方面效果较差。在该培养系统中,土霉素被认为是最无效的抗菌剂。暴露于4.0杯/毫升恩诺沙星的俄克拉荷马分离株感染的红细胞培养物以及暴露于1.0杯/ ml恩佐尼亚州的弗吉尼亚和俄克拉荷马分离株的培养物似乎已灭菌。暴露于16杯/毫升土霉素的培养物未经灭菌。这些数据的结果是,我们测试了恩诺沙星(BaytrilRTM100,拜耳动物健康公司)对脾切除小牛的严重实验性边缘农杆菌感染的功效。这些数据表明,恩诺沙星以12.5 mg / kg的剂量两次给药,相隔48小时可改善脾切除小牛的margin缘农杆菌感染,但并未清除。最后,我们比较了恩诺沙星,亚胺威和土霉素对持续性无性无浆膜浆膜炎的感染的疗效。结果表明,在两次分别间隔7天,两次以5 mg / kg的咪多卡双丙酸酯处理的小牛和间隔22天,以22 mg / kg g24h的土霉素处理的一只小牛的持久性感染的明显清除发生了。 5天内未用5 mg / kg恩诺沙星静脉滴注处理的小牛被清除。有必要进行进一步的研究,以调查是否可以确定剂量方案以可靠地消除持续性边缘margin曲霉感染。

著录项

  • 作者

    Coetzee, Johann Francois.;

  • 作者单位

    Iowa State University.;

  • 授予单位 Iowa State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Veterinary Science.; Agriculture Animal Pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 174 p.
  • 总页数 174
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 动物学;动物医学(兽医学);
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:42:38

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